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INTAS Final Reports on RESEARCH PROJECT AND NETWORK GRANTS

Ref. No 2001-0669
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Call specification: Open Call 2001
Title: Optical and radar ecological monitoring of near-Earth space environment for the control of technogenic pollution and natural hazard assessment due to asteroids
Reference no: INTAS Ref. No 2001-0669
Total grant: 140'000 Euro
Start date: June 1, 2002
Duration: 36 months
Co-ordinator Prof. Zigurds Sika, Institute of Physical Energetics, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia, phone: 7576635, e-mail: zigurds.sika@venta.lv
Person in charge of Management: Mr. Igor Molotov, Smolnaya str. 63-185, Moscow, 125445, Russia, phone: 7 (095) 152-95-94, e-mail: molotov@vimpel.ru

Team information:   CO   Institute of Physical Energetics - LAS, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia Riga, Latvia; the team leader is Prof. Zigurds Sika, zigurds.sika@venta.lv
  CR1   Institute of Radioastronomy - INAF, Noto VLBI Station, Ctr.da Renna, Noto (Sr), 96017, Italy, the team leader is Dr. Gino Tuccari, e-mail: g.tuccari@ira.cnr.it
  CR2   Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics -RAS, Miusskaya square, 4, Moscow, 125047, Russia, the team leader is Dr. Victor Stepaniants, e-mail: stepan@kiam1.rssi.ru
  CR3   Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo - RAS, Pulkovskoe shosse 65/1, 196140 St.-Peterburg, Russia, the team leader is Dr. Victor L'vov, e-mail: epos@gao.spb.ru
  CR4   National Control and Space Facilities Test Center, Sakskiy region of Crimea, Ukraine, The team leader is Mr. Vladimir Nesteruk, e-mail: tsyukh@front.ru
  CR5   Special Research Bureau of Moscow Power Engineering Institute,Krasnokazarmennaya str., 14, Moscow, 111250, Russia, the team leader is Dr. Yuriy Gorshenkov, e-mail: igorshen@india1.cobalt.msk.ru
  CR6   Radio physical Research Institute, Bolshaya Pecherskaya str., 25, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia, the team leader is Dr. Nikolay Dugin, e-mail: dugin@nirfi.sci-nnov.ru
  CR7   Andromeda Company Ltd., Avangardnaya str., 8-2-167, Moscow, 125493, Russia, team leader is Mr. Igor Molotov, e-mail: molotov@vimpel.ru

Final report due:      period from June 2002 to June 2005

Submission date of this report:

1. RESEARCH
1.1. Overview of Research Activities / Conformance with the Work Programme

The works were mainly carried out in accordance with work programme.

Task 1. - Optical observations. This task is fulfilled. The Pulkovo cooperation of optical observers (PulCOO) was established and arranges the regular activities on space debris and NEAs searching and measurements. Under this task, the current status of all NIS observatories was checked and it was proposed for each observatory to collaborate under INTAS project. The program of telescope modernization of selected observatories was started based on the financing obtained by CR7, CR2, and CR3; the training of telescopes personnel was arranged in the Pulkovo observatory. PulCOO consists of the following observing points: four telescopes were repaired or produced (Maxutov 50-cm for Kislovodsk, the Caucasus; SR-220 22cm for Pulkovo; RK-600 60-cm for Mayaki near Odessa).

Task 2. - Radar observations. This task is fulfilled. The VLBI radar was created on base of Evpatoria RT-70 planetary radar and radio telescopes of Low Frequency VLBI Network (LFVN) placed in NIS and INTAS countries. The radar observations of space debris, NEAs and the Earth group planets are carried out in each year. This activity was arranged by CR7, CR1, CR6, CR4, and CR5 with assistance of CO, CR2 and CR3.

Task 3. - Development of real-time correlator. This task is fulfilled. The VLBI system of quasi-real time was created thank to efforts of CR1. The correlator is placed in Noto, Italy, and the 5 NRTV (near real-time VLBI) data acquisition terminals are produced, installed and tested at VLBI radar radio telescopes (that were connected to Internet using fast optical or radio links) and used during radar observations. There is a program of development of this system on LFVN in the whole and producing the second real-time correlator in Russia. CO, CR4, CR5, CR6 and CR7.

Task 4. - Equipping of antennas. This task is almost fulfilled. The equipment of two antennas, Bear Lakes RT-64 and Evpatoria RT-70, with new radio astronomical receivers (6-cm, 3.6/13 cm and 18-cm), the time and frequency services were upgraded with GPS-receivers and H-masers. Equipping of Ventspils RT-32 in Latvia will be finished soon. The 6-cm radio receiver is almost finished, as well as the 6-cm band feed-horn (it is in producing in Latvia). There is a plan to install the 6-cm receiver and feed-horn at Ventspils RT-32 in September 2005. CR6, CO, CR4, CR5, and CR7 were participated.

Task 5. - Research Space Debris population at GEO and HEO. This task was mostly fulfilled. The space debris population at GEO was investigated as it was planned. The HEO-object population was investigated partially - GTO-objects (which regularly cross GEO) and in the time of radar experiments. It was cleared that existing optical NIS facilities cannot track most part of HEO-objects. It is necessary to create new kind of telescopes with large field of view and quick automated pointing system. All teams were participated in solving this task.

Task 6. - Study of orbital evolution and collisions of GEO objects. This task is fulfilled. The LAPLACE long-term motion theory of orbital evolution for uncontrolled satellites was upgraded with new module for analysis of the explosions of GEO objects and orbital evolution of their fragments and was used for trial observations with NIS and INTAS optical telescopes. The reliability of this program was confirmed by project optical observations. CR3, CR2, CR4 and CR7 were participated in solving this goal.

Task 7. - Small-sized SD fraction research. This task is fulfilled partially. The apparatuses of beam-park measurements was elaborated and tested in trial radar observations, but without reliable results (the received data may be interpreted as radio interferences). The beam-track method was proposed and successfully tested for searching the uncatalogued GEO-objects, when both transmitting and receiving beams are moving along GEO. The three runs of observations were successful and are processing now. On base of received results, it was proposed the special equipment for beam-park experiments. It will be elaborated later. All teams participated in this task under leader ship of CR1, CR2 and CR4.

Task 8. - Space Debris database and software. This task is fulfilled. The center on collection, processing and analysis of information on space debris of Russian Academy of Sciences was created in Ballistic Center of CR2, all possible data on space debris and satellites were collected and put into this center, which now is one of the most powerful around the world. The BiKOP software for analysis and prediction of dangerous close approaches of these SD objects to operational satellites, rockets and manned orbital stations was finally elaborated and released for commercial applications. CR2 and CR3 were participating in this task.

Task 9. - Dangerous asteroids research. This task is fulfilled but in some lower volume as it was supposed. The radar results were received only for single NEA, and the optical observations of NEA were regularly carried out only with few NIS optical telescopes. On the other side, one Pulkovo telescope was observing NEA very regularly and its world rating was increased from 65 to 27 during the project. Currently, Pulkovo Observatory is the CIS leader in the NEA observations. The cooperation of optical telescopes was greatly enlarged and is under refurbishing now. Also, the new equipment for processing the weak asteroid's radar echoes was proposed. So, most project results in this part will be released some later. All teams were participated in this work.

Task 10. - Dangerous asteroids database and software. This task is fulfilled. Regular support of the database of asteroids and comets is now in action based on the EPOS software package (ver. 5x, now the full Windows application). This database comprises the catalogs of orbital elements and some other data for more than 280000 objects, including near-Earth objects (NEOs): more than 3300 near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and 500 comets. The list of dangerous NEA was placed into Internet page. This work was carried out by CR3 mostly.

Task 11. - Earth group planets measurements. This task is mostly fulfilled. The clear radar echoes of Mars, Venus and Moon were recorded at Bear Lakes, Noto and Simeiz radio telescopes. These echoes were regularly used for calibration goals of LFVN VLBI radar subsystem. And VLBI radar technique was elaborated and tested for the Moon (VLBI fringes were received for the echoes reflected by Moon for three baselines Bear Lakes-Noto-Simeiz). In close future the recording of Mars and Venus echoes will be also processed.
1.2. Scientific results.

1. The Pulkovo cooperation of optical observers (PulCOO) was formed for space debris and asteroid observations. With this goal the negotiations and the works on checking of current status of ALL optical observatories of former Soviet Union were performed allowed to elaborate the telescope refurbishing measures and to prepare the program of enlarging the project optical cooperation. One of the optical telescopes was produced and the producing the two telescopes was finished under this project. The two grants for CCD-matrixes obtaining were prepared and 9 (!!) matrixes are in purchasing. The PulCOO collaborates now with Pulkovo (new 22-cm and 32-cm CCD telescopes), Goloseevo in Kiev, Ukraine (40-cm astrograph with photo plates), Nauchniy (64-cm CCD, 1.25-m photometer and 2.6-m CCD telescopes) in Crimea of Ukraine, Mayaki (30-cm telescope with TV-tube) near Odessa in Ukraine, Grakovo (70-cm CCD telescope) near Kharkiv of Ukraine, Mayaki (30 cm TV-tube, 50-cm photometer and new 60-cm CCD telescopes), Ussuriysk (40-cm CCD astrograph) in Far East of Russia, Maidanak (60-cm CCD and 1.5-m CCD telescopes) in Uzbekistan, Dushak (1-m and 80-cm photometer telescopes) in Turkmenistan, Gissar (50-cm camera VAU) in Tajikistan, Kislovodsk (repaired 50-cm CCD telescope) in the Caucasus, Zelenchuk (1-m CCD-telescope and 15-cm wide-field optical CCD camera) in the Caucasus, Abastumani (70-cm CCD telescope) in Georgia, Campo Imperatore (1.1 infrared CCD telescope) in Italy, Tarija (60-cm telescope) in Bolivia.

2. Powerful tool for analysis of orbital evolution of the GEO-objects and their fragments on long-term intervals is LAPLACE analytical motion theory with model of explosions. LAPLACE takes into account the influence of the geopotential, lunisolar attraction and solar radiation pressure and contains ACCORD database of GEO objects and spherically-symmetric model of GEO-object explosions. Using LAPLACE motion theory:

3. The center of collection, processing and analysis of information on space debris of Russian Academy of Sciences was created. All data on space debris and satellites available in scientific optical observatories of the NIS were collected and put into database, as well as the TLE data accessible from Internet. This center is one of the most powerful scientific instruments around the world for the works with space debris and connected researches. Soon, it will be accessible via Internet. With assistance of the center:

4. EPOS software package was finally adjusted (5th version, the full Windows compatible) to maintain the database of asteroids and comets and provide ephemeris support for minor planet observations. This database comprises the catalogs of orbital elements and some other data for more than 280000 objects, including near-Earth objects (NEOs): more than 3300 near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and 500 comets. The technology of the express support of the current catalog for Pulkovo NEO observations has been used as earlier. It provides:

5. New scientific instrument - VLBR radar (combination of the Evpatoria RT-70 transmitter and Low Frequency VLBI Network - LFVN) was arranged. The six LFVN antennas (Evpatoria RT-70 and Simeiz RT-22 in Ukraine, Bear Lakes RT-64 in Russia, Noto RT-32 in Italy, Urumqi RT-25 in China and Ventspils RT-32 in Latvia) were equipped with standard receiving-recording apparatus complex (Evpatoria RT-70 was equipped with astronomy receivers of L, S, P and X bands, Bear Lakes RT-64 - S, P and X bands and new hydrogen frequency standard and GPS-receiver). The dedicated correlation software was elaborated for NIRFI-3 correlator in N. Novgorod, Russia. Five NRTV (near real-time VLBI) terminals and a correlator were produced in Noto, Italy and installed at Bear Lakes, Evpatoria, Simeiz, Noto and Urumqi that were connected to Internet using optical and radio links. This allowed to provide the periodic checking of the radar system in the time of experiments and obtaining the preliminary results on urgent basis (this was a really working e-VLBI system in the NIS for the first time!). Also this equipment was used for beam-park and beam-track experiments. Six project radar sessions were arranged to receive the following results:

6. To verify LFVN ability for VLBI radar imaging and learn the experience of VLBI imaging procedure, the radio maps of eight extragalactic sources were reconstructed from data of LFVN observations at 18 cm wavelength and compared with results of EVN and VLBA observations.

7. The USA-Russian space surveillance workshop was landed in Pulkovo, his directivity was reoriented to space debris, and it was transformed from close club to open international forum of specialists in technique and methods of space object observations, measurements processing and interpretation, database maintenance. 5th Workshop was arranged in Pulkovo in September and 6th Workshop will be held in Pulkovo in August 2005 with participation of scientists from USA, Europe, Russia, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

8. The project results were twice included in the list of main results of Russian academy of sciences and 71 publications with references to the support of INTAS grant were prepared in different scientific issues, including two reports and six articles in Internet site of astronomical news.

List the references with acknowledge to INTAS 2001-0669:

Joint Publications of INTAS and NIS project teams

International journals

  1. I. Molotov, A. Kovalenko, V. Samodurov, B. Lipatov, A. Dementiev, A. Antipenko, S. Snegirev, M. Nechaeva, V. Reznikova, V. Altunin, A. Benz, F. Mantovani, C. Stanghellini, G. Tuccari, A. Konovalenko, I. Falkovich, A. Gridin, S. Ananthakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian, M. Sankararaman, X. Hong, X. Huang, L. Shiguang, S. Dougherty, D. Del Rizzo, A. Fink, X. Liu, W. Na, J. Zhang, A. Kus, K. Borkowski, J. Quick, G. Nicolson, I. Shmeld, Y. Koyama, M. Sekido, Yu. Gorshenkov, B. Poperechenko, V. Saurin, G. Ozolins, D. Bezrukov, X. Zhang. International Low-Frequency Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry Network Project Milestones. Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, Vol. 22, Nos. 4-5, August-October 2003, pp. 743-752.
  2. I. Molotov, A. Konovalenko, V. Agapov, A. Sochilina, B. Lipatov, Yu. Gorshenkov, E. Molotov, G. Tuccari, S. Buttaccio, X. Liu, J. Zhang, X. Hong, X. Huang, A. Kus, K. Borkowski, Z. Sika, V. Abrosimov, A. Tsyukh, V. Samodurov, I. Falkovich, L. Litvinenko, V. Stepaniants, A. Dementiev, A. Antipenko, S. Snegirev, M. Nechaeva, A. Volvach, V. Saurin, A. Pushkarev, A. Deviatkin, I. Guseva, P. Sukhov. Radar interferometer measurements of space debris using the Evpatoria RT-70 transmitter. Advances in Space Research, Volume 34, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 884-891
  3. Pushkarev, A. B.; Kovalev, Yu. Yu.; Molotov, I. E.; Nechaeva, M. B.; Gorshenkov, Yu. N.; Tuccari, G.; Stanghellini, C.; Hong, X.; Quick, J.; Dougherty, S.; Liu, X. Quasi-Simultaneous VLBI and RATAN-600 Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei. Astronomy Reports, Vol. 48, Issue 11, p. 900-908, 2004.
  4. Pushkarev A., Kovalev Y.Y., Molotov I., Tuccari G., Hong X. Quick J., Dougherty S., Shanks R., Liu X., Kovalenko A. BL Lacs and quasars in global S2 18 cm VLBI experiment. Baltic Astronomy (in press).

National journals

  1. G. Tuccari, I. Molotov, S. Buttaccio, A. Kus, X. Hong, X. Liu. Radar VLBI activity with participation of Noto. Proceedings of the 6th European VLBI Network Symposium, Ros, E., Porcas, R.W., Lobanov, A.P., & Zensus, J.A. (eds.), June 25th-28th 2002, Bonn, Germany, pp. 45-47.
  2. I.E. Molotov, G. Tuccari, B.N. Lipatov, A.A. Konovalenko. V.M. Agapov, X. Liu, X.Y. Hong, Yu. N. Gorshenkov. On development of near real-time system for VLBI radar measurements of space debris movement parameters. The Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics, 16-20 June, Moscow, Russia. Vol. 1. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Space Informatics Analytical Systems. 2003. p. 99-108.
  3. Konovalenko A.A., Falkovich I.S., Lipatov B.N., Antipenko A.A., Dementjev A.F., Agapov V.M., Molotov I.E., Sochilina A.S., Guseva I.S., Sukhov P.P., Gorshenkov Y.N., Volvach A.E., Rumyantsev V.V., Didenko A.V., Papushev P.S., Kizjun L.N., Jamnitskiy V.A., Reznichenko A.M., Tuccari G., Liu X. Some results of international observations of high-orbit space debris on July 23-29, 2003. Near-Earth astronomy - 2003, v. 2. Proceedings of the conference. Russian academy of science institute for astronomy. St.-P.: VVM. Co. Ltd., 2003, p. 198-205. In Russian
  4. Molotov I.E., Volvach A.E., Konovalenko A.A., Falkovich I.S., Litvinenko L.N., Negoda A.A., Fedorov O.P., Lipatov B.N., Gorshenkov Yu.N., Agapov V.M., Tuccari G., Liu X. International experiments on development of VLBI radar method for research of near-Earth bodies. Space Science and Technology, v. 10, n. 2/3, 2004, p. 87-92. (In Russian).
  5. I.E. Molotov, A.A. Konovalenko, B.N. Lipatov, G. Tuccari, V.M. Agapov, A.S. Sochilina, I.S. Falkovich, Y.N. Gorshenkov, E.P. Molotov, V.A. Stepaniants, X. Liu, J. Zhang, A.E. Volvach, O.P. Fedorov, A.N. Bukreev, A.M. Tsyukh, V.N. Nesteruk, S.V. Malevinsky, A.F. Dementiev, A.A. Antipenko, S. Buttaccio, C. Nicotra, I.D. Stepka, A.N. Zinoviev, V.P. Saurin, A.B. Pushkarev, M.B. Nechaeva, Z.K. Sika, I.K. Shmeld. First results of the space debris radar observations using Evpatoria RT-70 transmitter and Low frequency VLBI network. Proceedings of fifth US/Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo. September 24-27, 2003. Ed. By P. Kenneth Seidelmann. Spb.: VVM. co. Ltd., 2003, pp. 294-304.
  6. Igor Molotov, Yuri Gorshenkov, Alexander Stepanov, Alexander Dementiev, Gino Tuccari, Valerii Saurin, Alexis Zinoviev. VLBI Status of the Bear Lakes Radio Astronomy Station. IVS 2004 General Meeting Proceedings, p. 166-169.
  7. Gino Tuccari, Igor Molotov, Salvatore Buttacio, Gaetano Nicotra, Alexander Dementiev, Alexander Konovalenko, Alexis Zinoviev, Yuri Gorshenkov, Xiang Liu, Xiaou Hong, Alexander Volvach. A Near Real Time e-Radar/VLBI Network. IVS 2004 General Meeting Proceedings, p. 225-228.
  8. Pushkarev A., Molotov I., Nechaeva M., Gorshenkov Yu., Tuccari G., Stanghellini C., Hong X., Liu X., Quick J. & Dougherty S. LFVN observations of active galactic nuclei. Proceedings of 7th European VLBI Network Symposium on VLBI Scientific Research & Technology Toledo Spain. October 12-15, 2004, Edited by Rafael Bachiller, Francisco Colomer, Jean-Fransois Desmurs, Pablo de Vicente. Observatorio Astronomico Nacional., p.161-162.
  9. Molotov I., Tuccari G., Nechaeva M., Dugin N., Konovalenko A., Falkovich I., Gorshenkov Y., Liu X., Volvach A., Agapov V., Pushkarev A., Titenko V., Buttacio S., Rumyantsev V. & Shmeld I. First results of European VLBI radar observations of space objects. Proceedings of 7th European VLBI Network Symposium on VLBI Scientific Research & Technology Toledo Spain. October 12-15, 2004, Edited by Rafael Bachiller, Francisco Colomer, Jean-Fransois Desmurs, Pablo de Vicente. Observatorio Astronomico Nacional., p.329-330.
  10. Tuccari G., Molotov I., Nechaeva M., Volvach A., Xiang L., Hong X., Buttaccio S., Gorshenkov Y. & Nicotra G. E-LFVN - An Internet Based VLBI Network Proceedings of 7th European VLBI Network Symposium on VLBI Scientific Research & Technology Toledo Spain. October 12-15, 2004, Edited by Rafael Bachiller, Francisco Colomer, Jean-Fransois Desmurs, Pablo de Vicente. Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, p. 331-332.
  11. Gino Tuccari, Igor Molotov, Salvatore Buttacio, Yuri Gorshenkov, Xiang Liu, Xiaou Hong, Maria Nechaeva, Gaetano Nicotra, Alexander Volvach. E-LFVN - An Internet Based VLBI Network. Proceedings of the 3rd e-VLBI Workshop, Makuhari, October 6-7, 2004. International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry, NICT Technology Development Center News No. 25, November 2004, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokio, Japan, p. 59 - 63
  12. A. Volvach, A. Pushkarev, I. Molotov, G. Tuccari, X. Hong, and S. Dougherty. Research of Active Galactic Nuclei with Low Frequency VLBI Network. In proceedings of AGN variability from X-ray to Radio -- Nauchnyj, Ukraine, June 2004, 4 pages.
  13. I. Molotov, A. Konovalenko, G. Tuccari, V. Agapov, A. Antipenko, Y. Gorshenkov, A. Volvach, X. Liu, L. Litvinenko, I. Falkovich, O. Fedorov, S. Zasukha, V. Abrosimov, A. Pushkarev, M. Nechaeva, A. Dementiev, N. Dugin, V. Titenko, I. Shmeld, V. Jazykov, S. Buttaccio, C. Nicotra, A. Tsyukh, V. Nesteruk, I. Puchinin. International radar space debris research. Submitted in proceedings of Fourth European Conference on Space Debris, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, 18-20 April, 2005, 6 pages.

Abstracts in proceedings

  1. Molotov I., Konovalenko A., Falkovich I., Tuccari G., Sika Z., Shmeld I., Sochilina A., L'vov V., Agapov V., Stepaniants V., Molotov E., Lipatov B., Dementiev A., Gorshenkov Yu., Koyama Y., Hong X., Liu X., Kus A., Dougherty S. New international program for research of NEA and Space Debris. Book of abstracts of scientific conference "International collaboration in field of astronomy: status and perspectives". May 25 - June 2, 2002, Moscow, Astronomical Society, 2002, p. 47.
  2. Molotov I.E., Konovalenko A.A., Agapov V.M., Sochilina A.S., Guseva I.S., Deviatkin A., Molotov E.P., Lipatov B.N., Dementiev A.F., Gorshenkov Y.N., Falkovich I.S., Chibisov A.V., Antipenko A.A., Stepaniants V.A., Poperechenko B.A., Abrosimov V.M., Tomilin Y.G., Smolentsev S.G., Rahimov I.A., Liu X., Zhang J., Tuccary G., Buttaccio S., Hong X., Huang X., Kus A., Borkowski K. First experience of joint optical and radar observations of space debris objects at geostationary and high-elliptic orbits. Abstract Book of inter-regional conference "Ecology of Space", June 10-14, St.-Petersburg, p. 27-28.
  3. Lipatov B.N., Molotov I.E., Gorshenkov Y.N., Konovalenko A.A., Molotov E.P., Agapov V.M., Koyama Y., Tuccari G., Liu X., Hong X., Kus A., Dougherty S., Sika Z.K., Dementiev A.F., Falkovich I.S., Antipenko A.A., Samodurov V.A., Shishov V.A., Saurin V.P., Chibisov A.V., Smirnov A.I. Experimental development of VLBI radar method under LFVN project. Book of abstracts of Russian conference "Radio telescopes 2002 (antennas, apparatuses, methods)", October 9-11, 2002, Puschino, pp. 75-76.
  4. I.E. Molotov, G. Tuccari, B.N. Lipatov, X.Y. Hong .Possibility of near real-time trajectory measurements with VLBI radar method. Program of 17th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics. Preprint 32, 2003. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, p. 9-10.
  5. Molotov I., V. Agapov, A. Sochilina, B. Lipatov, G. Tuccari, A. Konovalenko, Yu. Gorshenkov, X. Liu, A. Volvach. International experiments on the development of radar interferometry technique. Program of Fifth US-Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. 24-27 September 2003, Pulkovo, St-Petersburg, Russia p. 19-20.
  6. Konovalenko A.A., Falkovich I.S., Litvinenko L.N., Molotov I.E., Negoda A.A., Feodorov O.P., Lipatov B.N., Gorshenkov Y.N., Agapov V.M., Volvach A.E., Tuccari G., Liu Xiang "International experiments on development of VLBI radar method for researcing the the near-Earth objects. Thesis book of third Ukrainian conference on perspective space researches, September 15-20, 2003, Katciveli, Crimea, p. 41. (in Russian)
  7. Molotov Igor, Yurii Gorshenkov, Alexander Stepanov, Boris Lipatov, Gino Tuccari, Valery Saurin, Alexis Zinoviev. VLBI status of the Bear Lakes radio astronomy station. Booklet of the third IVS general meeting, Ottawa, Canada, February 9-11, 2004, Geodetic Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada, 2004, p. 31.
  8. Tuccari Gino, Igor Molotov, S. Buttaccio, G. Nicotra, B. Lipatov, Alexis Zinoviev, Y. Gorshenkov, L. Xiang, Xiaoyu Hong, Alexander Volvach. A near real time e-radar/VLBI network. Booklet of the third IVS general meeting, Ottawa, Canada, February 9-11, 2004, Geodetic Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada, 2004, p. 40.
  9. Molotov I.E., Tuccari G., Zinoviev A.N., Dementiev A.F., Gorshenkov Y.N., Konovalenko A.A., Falkovich I.S., Volvach A.E., Buttaccio S., Samodurov V.A., Liu X., Hong X., Shmeld I.K., Pushkarev A.B., Dugin N.A. E-LFVN: Low frequency VLBI network of quasi-real time with transference of data through Internet. Thesises of reports on all-Russian astronomical conference VAK-2004 "Horizons of the Universe", Transactions of P.K. Shtenberg state astronomical institute , v. 75, M., 2004, p. 25. In Russian.
  10. Pushkarev A.B., Kovalev Y.Y., Samodurov V.A., Molotov I.E., Nechaeva M.B., Gorshenkov Y.N., Tuccari G., Hong X., Quick J., Dougherty S., Liu X. Quasi-simultaneous VLBI and RATAN-600 observations of active galactic nuclei. Thesises of reports on all-Russian astronomical conference VAK-2004 "Horizons of the Universe", Transactions of P.K. Shtenberg state astronomical institute, v. 75, M., 2004, pp. 119-120. In Russian.
  11. Dementiev A.F., Molotov I.E., Konovalenko A.A., Tuccari G., Liu X., Gorshenkov Y.N., Volvach A.E., Agapov V.M., Sochilina A.S., Falkovich I.S., Nechaeva M.B., Antipenko A.A., Shishov V.A., Saurin V.P., Zinoviev A.N., Pushkarev A.B., Tsukh A.M., Nesteruk V.N., Shmeld I.K., Stepaniants V.A., Sika Z.K. Experimental researches of possibilities to use VLBI radar method for the measuring the movement parameters of the Solar system bodies. Thesises of reports on all-Russian astronomical conference VAK-2004 "Horizons of the Universe", Transactions of P.K. Shtenberg state astronomical institute , v. 75, M., 2004, pp. 225-226. In Russian.
  12. A. Volvach, A. Pushkarev, I. Molotov, G. Tuccari, X. Hong, S. Dougherty. Research of Active Galactic Nuclei with Low Frequency VLBI Network. AGN variability from X-ray to Radio. Abstracts. June 14-16, 2004, Crimea, Ukraine, p.24.
  13. A. Volvach, I. Molotov, G. Tuccari, M. Nechaeva, A. Konovalenko, I. Falkovich, A. Dementiev, Yu. Gorshenkov, X. Liu, A. Kovalenko, A. Pushkarev "Astrophysics and astrometry applications of the low frequency VLBI Network. // Abstract book. MAO-2004. July 15-17, 2004, Kiev, Ukraine p. 48.
  14. Molotov I., Sochilina A., Tuccari G., Konovalenko A., Nechaeva M., Kiladze R., Titenko V., Khutorovsky Z., Agapov A., Volvach A., Guseva I., Deviatkin A., Liu Xiang, Yu. Gorshenkov. Pulkovo cooperation for radar and optical observations of space objects. Submitted in Program of Sixth US-Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. 22-26 August 2005, Pulkovo, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Publications without INTAS-NIS co-authorship of project teams:

International journals

  1. R.I. Kiladze, A.S.Sochilina. On the New Theory of Geostationary Satellite Motion. Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, Vol. 22, Nos. 4-5, August-October 2003, pp. 525-528.
  2. A. Sochilina, R. Kiladze, K. Grigoriev, I. Molotov, A. Vershkov. On the orbital evolution of explosion fragments. Advances in Space Research, Volume 34, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 1198-1202
  3. A. B. Pushkarev, D. C. Gabuzda, Yu. N. Vetukhnovskaya, V. E. Yakimov. Spine-sheath polarization structures in four active galactic nuclei jets. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 356, 2005, pages 859-871.
  4. A. B. Pushkarev, D. C. Gabuzda, Yu. N. Vetukhnovskaya, V. E. Yakimov. Blazars with spine-sheath polarization structures. Astronomy Reports, Vol. 48, Issue 1, p. 5-12, 2005.

National journals

  1. R.I.Kiladze, A.S.Sochilina. On the orbital evolution of the fragments of exploded objects. Izvestia GAO, 2002, 216, 438-447 (in Russian).
  2. E.V.Katkova, I.S.Guseva. The observations of geostationary objects with the AKD CCD astrograph. Izvestia GAO, 2002, 216, 170-173 (in Russian).
  3. A.V.Devyatkin, V.N.L'vov, E.V.Kornilov, D.L.Gorshanov, V.V.Kupriyanov, M.Yu.Sidorov. Astrometric observations of NEOs on ZA-320 mirror astrograph in the year 2002. Izvestia GAO, 2002, 216, 123-127 (in Russian).
  4. A.V.Devyatkin, M.Yu.Sidorov. Astrometric observations of the objects of geostationary orbit on the ZA-320 mirror astrograph in the year 2001. Izvestia GAO, 2002, 216, 120-122 (in Russian).
  5. V.N.L'vov, A.V.Devyatkin, R.I.Smekhacheva, S.D.Tsekmejster, D.L.Gorshanov, E.V.Kornilov, V.V.Kupriyanov, V.B.Rafal'skij, M.Yu.Sidorov. Pulkovo program of NEO investigations. Izvestia GAO, 2002, 216, 218-222 (in Russian).
  6. I.E. Molotov. Low Frequency VLBI Network Project, history and first results. Izvestia GAO (in Russian), 2002, 216, 457-470 (in Russian).
  7. A.V. Devyatkin, I.S. Guseva, I.I. Kanaev, V.N. L'vov, I.E. Molotov, A.S. Sochilina, D.L. Gorshanov, V.V. Kupriyanov, M. Yu. Sidorov, R.I. Smekhacheva, S.D. Tsekmejster. Pulkovo program for research of the Near-Earth Space Objects. Proceedings of fifth US/Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo. September 24-27, 2003. Ed. By P. Kenneth Seidelmann. Spb.: VVM. co. Ltd., 2003, pp. 62-67.
  8. Alla S. Sochilina, Rolan I. Kiladze, Igor E. Molotov, Andrei N. Vershkov, Edvard Kornilov. On Investigation of Two-Line-Elements Precision of Geostationary Objects. Proceedings of fifth US/Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo. September 24-27, 2003. Ed. By P. Kenneth Seidelmann. Spb.: VVM. co. Ltd., 2003, pp. 142-151.
  9. A.V. Devyatkin, V.N. L'vov, D.L. Gorshanov, V.V. Kupriyanov, E.Yu. Aleshkina, A.S. Bekhteva, G.D. Baturina, E.V. Kornilov, M.Yu. Sidorov. Astrometric observations of the Solar system's minor bodies on ZA-320 mirror astrograph in the years 2002-2004. Izvestia GAO, 2004, 217, pp.236-247 (in Russian).
  10. V.N. L'vov, R.I. Smekhacheva, S.S. Smirnov, S.D. Tsekmejster. Some peculiarities in the Hildas' motion. Izvestia GAO, 2004, 217, pp.318-324 (in Russian).
  11. I.E. Molotov. Experiments on the Differential VLBI measurements with the former Russian Deep Space Network. Proceedings of the "18th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics" Munich, Germany (ESA SP-548, December 2004), editors O. Montenbruck& B. Battrick, ESA Publication Division, pp. 443-447.
  12. V. Agapov , J. Dick, I. Guseva, P. Herridge, Z. Khutorovskiy, I. Molotov, M. Ploner, V. Rumyantsev, T. Schildkneht , V. Stepanyants, P. Sukhov , V. Titenko. Joint RAS/PIMS/AIUB GEO survey results. Submitted in proceedings of Fourth European Conference on Space Debris, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, 18-20 April, 2005, 6 pages.
  13. V. Agapov, V. Biryukov, R. Kiladze, I. Molotov, V. Rumyantsev, A. Sochilina, V. Titenko. Faint GEO objects search and orbital analysis. Submitted in proceedings of Fourth European Conference on Space Debris, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, 18-20 April, 2005, 7 pages.

Abstracts in proceedings:

  1. A.V.Devyatkin, V.N.L'vov, R.I.Smekhacheva, S.D.Tsekmejster, D.L.Gorshanov, E.V.Kornilov, V.V.Kupriyanov, M.Yu.Sidorov. Pulkovo program of NEO investigations. Abstracts of the conference "Cosmos Ecology" (in Russian), 2002, SPb State University, 26-27.
  2. I. Molotov, A. Konovalenko, V. Agapov, A. Sochilina, B. Lipatov, Y. Gorshenkov, E. Molotov. Detection of space debris with VLBI radar technique. A publication of the American institute of aeronautics and astronautics, Abstracts of the World Space Congress - 2002, Houston, Texas USA, 10-19 October, 2002, #00425. Invited.
  3. I.E. Molotov, A.S. Sochilina, V.M. Agapov, M.V. Yakovlev, B.N. Lipatov. International program of the near-Earth space monitoring for flight safety, science and ecology. Abstracts of International Conference "Systems and technologies for future exploration and development of space" Moscow, ISTC, 2003, p. 21-22.
  4. I. Kanaev, A. Sochilina, V. Lvov, A. Deviatkin, I.Gouseva, I. Molotov. Pulkovo program for research of the near-Earth space objects. Program of Fifth US-Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. 24-27 September 2003, Pulkovo, St-Petersburg, Russia p. 6-7.
  5. A. Sochilina. R. Kiladze, K. Grigoriev, I. Molotov, A. Vershkov, E. Kornilov. On investigation of Two-Line-Elements precision of geostationary objects. Program of Fifth US-Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. 24-27 September 2003, Pulkovo, St-Petersburg, Russia, p. 12.
  6. Kiladze R.I., Agapov V.M., Guliamov M.I., Didenko A.V., Molotov I.E., Sochilina A.S. Om the dynamical method of control of geostationary orbit obstruction. Thesises of reports on all-Russian astronomical conference VAK-2004 "Horizons of the Universe", Transactions of P.K. Shtenberg state astronomical institute , v. 75, M., 2004, p. 210. In Russian.
  7. Devyatkin A.V., Aleshkina E.Yu., Baturina G.D., Bekhteva A.S., Gorshanov D.L., Kupriyanov V.V., L'vov V.N., Sidorov M.Yu., Smekhacheva R.I., Tsekmejster S.D. Pulkovo optical observations of the objects approaching to the Earth. Thesises of reports on all-Russian astronomical conference VAK-2004 "Horizons of the Universe", Transactions of P.K. Shtenberg state astronomical institute , v. 75, M., 2004,p. 208. In Russian.
  8. Agapov V.M., Biryukov V.V., Borisov G.V., Guseva I.S., Deviatkin A.V., Didenko A.V., Kizun L.N., Lvov V.N., Molotov I.E., Papushev P.G., Rumiatsev V.V., Sochilina A.S., Sukhov P.P., Yurasov V.S. Coordinated optical observations of the near-Earth space objects in the support of VLBI radar runs. Thesises of reports on all-Russian astronomical conference VAK-2004 "Horizons of the Universe", Transactions of P.K. Shtenberg state astronomical institute , v. 75, M., 2004, p. 219. In Russian.
  9. A.V. Devyatkin, V.N. L'vov, R.I. Smekhacheva, S.D. Tsekmejster, D.L. Gorshanov, V.V. Kupriyanov, M.Yu. Sidorov. Pulkovo NEO observations. The "Ecology of Cosmos" conference, February 13, 2004, Saint-Petersburg State University, pages 17-18.
  10. A.S. Sochilina, R.I. Kiladze. On dynamical method of control of geostationary orbit area obstruction. The "Ecology of Cosmos" conference, February 13, 2004, Saint-Petersburg State University, p. 19.
  11. I.E. Molotov. Experimental investigation of Evpatorian RT-70 capabilities to radio locate the space debris. The "Ecology of Cosmos" conference, February 13, 2004, Saint-Petersburg State University, p. 20.
  12. V. Agapov, V. Biryukov, I. Molotov, V. Rumyantsev, A. Sochilina, V. Titenko. Programme&Abstracts of Fourth European Conference on Space Debris, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, 18-20 April, 2005, ESA Publication Division, p. 65.
  13. I. Molotov. Pulkovo cooperation of optical observers. Programme&Abstracts of Fourth European Conference on Space Debris, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, 18-20 April, 2005, ESA Publication Division, p.173.
  14. A. Sochilina. On new version of preliminary orbit determination. Submitted in Program of Sixth US-Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. 22-26 August 2005, Pulkovo, St. Petersburg, Russia.
  15. R. Kiladze. On new theory of geostationary satellite motion and its applications. Submitted in Program of Sixth US-Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. 22-26 August 2005, Pulkovo, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Books, monographs, internal reports, thesis, patents

  1. Sochilina A.S., Molotov I.E. Creation of method of searching and identification of unknown GEO-objects, which move and work near orbital groupings. Scientific-technical report No. B07/03 MCP, CAO RAS, 24/10/03, 34 pages. In Russian.
  2. Molotov I.E., Sochilina A.S. Analysis of possibilities and elaboration of the proposal on use of existing optical facilities for observation of space debris. Statistical analysis of collisions of space object at geostationary orbit. Scientific-technical report No. 851-0073/04 TSNIIMASH, CAO RAS, 30.04.04, 50 pages. In Russian.
  3. I. Molotov. "First light" of 220-mm telescope for Pulkovo. Articles in Internet site of astronomical news. In Russian. http://www.astronomer.ru/news.php?action=1&nid=131
  4. I. Molotov. Building the first radio telescope in Ireland in context of international VLBI networks development. Articles in Internet site of astronomical news. In Russian. http://www.astronomer.ru/news.php?action=1&nid=157
  5. I. Molotov. 64-m antenna in Bear Lakes began to operate in new frequency bands. Articles in Internet site of astronomical news. In Russian. http://www.astronomer.ru/news.php?action=1&nid=187
  6. I. Molotov. Experiments of International VLBI Network LFVN. Articles in Internet site of astronomical news. In Russian. http://www.astronomer.ru/news.php?action=1&nid=273
  7. I. Molotov. Survey of Geostationary orbit with double astrograph of Ussuriysk Astrophysical Observatory. Articles in Internet site of astronomical news. In Russian. http://www.astronomer.ru/news.php?action=1&nid=351
  8. I. Molotov. Near New Year meetings in Pulkovo. Articles in Internet site of astronomical news. In Russian. http://www.astronomer.ru/news.php?action=1&nid=382
  ALL PUBLICATIONS ONLY: Jointly by INTAS And NIS Project teams
Scientific Output published in press or accepted submitted  
Paper in an International Journal 7 1   4
Paper in a National Journal 12 (English)
10 (Russian)		 4 (English)   13
Abstract in proceedings 26 3   14
Book, Monograph        
Internal Reports 2      
Thesis        
Patent        
1.3. Impact and Applications

It was created a complex of four main components for comprehensive investigations of status of technogenic pollution in GEO region. Pulkovo cooperation of optical observers (PulCOO) that joints 15 observing points around the world, VLBI radar that consists of transmitting Evpatoria RT-70, receiving Bear Lakes RT-64, Noto RT-32, Ventspils RT-32, Urumqi RT-25, Simeiz RT-22, and correlators in N. Novgorod and Noto, center on collection, processing and analysis of information on space debris of Russian Academy of Sciences and powerful tool for dynamic analysis of orbital evolution of the GEO-objects and their fragments on long-term intervals - LAPLACE analytical motion theory with model of explosions. And already there is an interest to collaborate with project cooperation from Roscosmos, ESOC and Chinese Academy of Science (Space Environment Prediction Center). First two small contracts on searching the small GEO-fragments were signed of Pulkovo Observatory with Central Scientific-Research Institute of Machine Building and Lavochkin Association in 2005. There were few points about assistance (did not quite got the point) with optical measurements in the tracking of GEO-satellites launches. The order for VLBI radar measurements is now discussed for two future French high-elliptical satellites of Express series. This complex will try to continue the works when the INTAS project finishing. The optical observations are carried routinely; the next radar session for asteroid, space debris and Mercury is planned for July 2005.

Two scientific infrastructures - PulCOO and VLBI radar of LFVN represent significant observing potential for the NIS countries. PulCOO started the program of telescope modernization with purchasing nine modern CCD-matrixes for grant of Russian Ministry of Education and Science and INTAS Ref. Nr 03-70-567. The quantity of NIS CCD-telescopes will increase more than in two times that will give great impact on science in the NIS. Development of near-real time VLBI system (NRTV-terminals, digital BBC, real-time correlator) has big influence on future of VLBI in the NIS. The Low Frequency VLBI Network is mainly used exactly NRTV-terminals (five stations) and there is a plan to equip next five LFVN stations with NRTV-terminal and 10 stations with dBBC. These new infrastructures are already used for various scientific areas in field of observational astronomy.

Also, the largest aperture dish antennas of the former Soviet Union (Evatoria RT-70, Bear Lakes RT-64 and Ventspils RT-32) were kept in operation, upgraded with new equipment that allowed to start the discussion about their involving in European scientific activities (VLBI and control of deep space missions). The trial differential VLBI measuring session for European interplanetary spacecraft Mars-Express is planned for October 2005.

Other field of applications of project results is asteroid hazard problem, which unfortunately not attracted the big interest of financial foundation now. EPOS software package that is a tool for NEO research was finished. The EPOS user manual (in both Russian and English) was printed and the license for right of property and sale of the EPOS software package was obtained. Pulkovo NEO Page has been elaborated, supported and developed http://neopage.nm.ru. The page contains two versions (English and Russian) with general information about NEOs and the current list of PHA - potentially hazardous asteroids with their elements. Besides that the current month ephemerides of close apparent approaches of NEAs with the Tycho-2 stars and of occultations of stars by NEAs are included. The special Internet page with EPOS measurement precisions of all optical stations around the world that observed asteroids was arranged: http://www.accuracy.nm.ru, this is a big help to Minor Planet Center, but also these pages may be useful for wide public, mass media and also for professional and amateur astronomers.
1.4. Summary of results

It was created a complex of five key components for investigations of the Solar system bodies in the near-Earth space environments: (i) Pulkovo cooperation of optical observers (PulCOO) that joints 15 observing points around the world; (ii) VLBI radar system of LFVN that consists of transmitting Evpatoria RT-70, receiving Bear Lakes RT-64, Noto RT-32, Ventspils RT-32, Urumqi RT-25, Simeiz RT-22, and correlators in N. Novgorod and Noto, (iii) center on collection, processing and analysis of information on space debris of Russian Academy of Sciences; (iv) powerful tool for dynamic analysis of orbital evolution of the GEO-objects and their fragments on long-term intervals - LAPLACE analytical motion theory with model of explosions; (v) EPOS software package to maintain the database of asteroids and comets and provide ephemeris support for minor planet observations.

Two scientific infrastructures - PulCOO and VLBI radar of LFVN represent significant observing potential for the NIS countries. PulCOO purchases nine modern CCD-matrixes and the quantity of the NIS CCD-telescopes (including second size 2.6-m telescope in Nauchny) will increase more than in two times that will give a great scientific progress. The largest aperture dish antennas of the former Soviet Union (Evatoria RT-70, Bear Lakes RT-64 and Ventspils RT-32) were kept in operation, upgraded with new equipment and the discussion about their involving in European scientific activities (VLBI and control of deep space missions) was already started. Development of near-real time VLBI system (NRTV-terminals, digital BBC, real-time correlator) has big influence on future of VLBI in the NIS. The five LFVN antennas use NRTV-terminals (Bear Lakes, Evpatoria, Simeiz, Noto and Urumqi were connected to Internet using optical or radio links) and other five stations may be equipped with NRTV-terminal and dBBC in future.

The calculation of long-term evolution (on 3000 days interval) was fulfilled for 456 uncontrolled objects at Geostationary orbit (GEO). It was spotted about 1155 unexplained changes of object drift rate and the list of 12 presumable exploded GEO-objects was compiled. Most part of objects (57%) had 0-2 collisions. 50% GEO objects had collision in 1000-3800 days. It is supposed that these changes of drift rate may be explained by collisions with small uncatalogued fragments of space debris The modeling of the orbital evolution of fragments of GEO-object explosions was made. It has shown that the fragments during some period have points of GEO intersect consisting of two compact groups (with approximate diameter 0.1-1o) in opposite sides of celestial sphere separated by 180o. The maximum inclination of fragment orbit to equator can reach 40o. In case of collision with operational satellite such fragment will have the relative velocity about 2 km/s. This is very important information with point of view of the GEO preservation, and also it gives the good opportunity for discovering the GEO-fragments in the points of GEO intersections. So, the barrier method of GEO-fragments searching was proposed. The barriers were calculated for six presumably exploded GEO-objects and the trial fragment search was carried with optical telescopes in Nauchniy, Crimea. The 9 faint objects were discovered and tracked continuously during several subsequent nights. It was fixed more than 150 GEO-objects that have not TLE-elements. These objects represent the serious dangerous for operational GEO-satellites and may be a critical sources of pollution at GEO. Therefore, joint INTAS/NIS survey with participation of PulCOO, Zimmerwald (Astronomical Institute of University of Bern, Switzerland), and PIMS (Observatory Sciences Ltd., England) was arranged to improve the ephemeredes of these unknown objects. Long series of observations for more than 80 objects are obtained and the results of orbital determinations for 60 objects were published in the 7th (January 2005) issue of the "Classification of Geosynchronous Objects", European Space Operations Center.

More than 4000 observations of about 320 near-Earth asteroids and 17 comets were fulfilled at Pulkovo, processed and sent to the Minor Planet Center. Currently Pulkovo Observatory is the CIS leader in the NEA observations and occupies the 27th place in the world rating of NEA observers. The Pulkovo NEO Page is elaborated, supported and developed http://neopage.nm.ru. The page contains two languages (English and Russian) general information about NEOs and the current list of PHA - potentially hazardous asteroids with their elements. The ephemeris support for the few other optical stations in Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Italy and Germany was provided, the estimations of the NEA measurement accuracies of all optical stations around the world was made regularly, and the results were inputted in the dedicated Internet page: http://www.accuracy.nm.ru

Six project radar sessions were arranged, the echoes of 1998 WT24 asteroid was detected at Medicina RT-32, Italy. The hull of polar silhouette obtained from extent of the spectra is approximately 400-m sphere. The spectra for OC and SC polarization have coinciding parameters for the different rotating phase. The estimation of radar cross section obtained from echo power is 0.02 km2 on both circular polarizations. The formalized estimation of radar albedo gives ~0.1.The most interesting result is a near-unity circular polarization ratio. Such a combination of albedo and polarization ratio can be interpreted as a property of comet-like surface of 1998 WT24. The VLBI radar measuring technique was adjusted for catalogued GEO and HEO objects. The rows of precise Doppler shift measurements from Bear Lakes, Urumqi and Noto were obtained for about 70 objects by cross-correlation of sounding and echo signals, also the rotation periods and the sizes of objects were evaluated. The fringe rate measurements for echo-signals of GEO-objects were obtained for three baselines Bear Lakes-Urumqi-Noto; adjusting the VLBI radar method for the Earth group planets (precise measuring of orientation of rotation axis and short-periodic variations of proper rotation) is in the progress. The strong radar echoes of Mars, Venus and Moon were recorded on magnetic tapes. The dedicated correlation software was elaborated and the VLBI fringes for echo-signals of Moon were obtained for Bear Lakes-Noto-Simeiz baselines. The method and apparatuses of beam-track searching the uncatalogued GEO-objects was proposed and tested.

The project results were twice included in the list of main results of Russian academy of sciences and 71 publications with references to the support of INTAS grant were prepared in different scientific issues.
Key paper references
  1. R.I. Kiladze, A.S.Sochilina. On the New Theory of Geostationary Satellite Motion. Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, Vol. 22, Nos. 4-5, August-October 2003, pp. 525-528.
  2. A.V. Devyatkin, I.S. Guseva, I.I. Kanaev, V.N. L'vov, I.E. Molotov, A.S. Sochilina, D.L. Gorshanov, V.V. Kupriyanov, M. Yu. Sidorov, R.I. Smekhacheva, S.D. Tsekmejster. Pulkovo program for research of the Near-Earth Space Objects. Proceedings of fifth US/Russian Space Surveillance Workshop. Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo. September 24-27, 2003. Ed. By P. Kenneth Seidelmann. Spb.: VVM. co. Ltd., 2003, pp. 62-67.
  3. I. Molotov, A. Konovalenko, V. Agapov, A. Sochilina, B. Lipatov, Yu. Gorshenkov, E. Molotov, G. Tuccari, S. Buttaccio, X. Liu, J. Zhang, X. Hong, X. Huang, A. Kus, K. Borkowski, Z. Sika, V. Abrosimov, A. Tsyukh, V. Samodurov, I. Falkovich, L. Litvinenko, V. Stepaniants, A. Dementiev, A. Antipenko, S. Snegirev, M. Nechaeva, A. Volvach, V. Saurin, A. Pushkarev, A. Deviatkin, I. Guseva, P. Sukhov. Radar interferometer measurements of space debris using the Evpatoria RT-70 transmitter. Advances in Space Research, Volume 34, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 884-891
  4. A. Sochilina, R. Kiladze, K. Grigoriev, I. Molotov, A. Vershkov. On the orbital evolution of explosion fragments. Advances in Space Research, Volume 34, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 1198-1202
  5. Molotov I.E., Volvach A.E., Konovalenko A.A., Falkovich I.S., Litvinenko L.N., Negoda A.A., Fedorov O.P., Lipatov B.N., Gorshenkov Yu.N., Agapov V.M., Tuccari G., Liu X. International experiments on development of VLBI radar method for research of the near-Earth bodies. Space Science and Technology, v. 10, n. 2/3, 2004, p. 87-92. (In Russian).
  6. A.V. Devyatkin, V.N. L'vov, D.L. Gorshanov, V.V. Kupriyanov, E.Yu. Aleshkina, A.S. Bekhteva, G.D. Baturina, E.V. Kornilov, M.Yu. Sidorov. Astrometric observations of the Solar system's minor bodies on ZA-320 mirror astrograph in the years 2002-2004. Izvestia GAO, 2004, 217, pp.236-247 (in Russian).
  7. Pushkarev, A. B.; Kovalev, Yu. Yu.; Molotov, I. E.; Nechaeva, M. B.; Gorshenkov, Yu. N.; Tuccari, G.; Stanghellini, C.; Hong, X.; Quick, J.; Dougherty, S.; Liu, X. Quasi-Simultaneous VLBI and RATAN-600 Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei. Astronomy Reports, Vol. 48, Issue 11, 2004, p. 900-908.
  8. Gino Tuccari, Igor Molotov, Salvatore Buttacio, Yuri Gorshenkov, Xiang Liu, Xiaou Hong, Maria Nechaeva, Gaetano Nicotra, Alexander Volvach. E-LFVN - An Internet Based VLBI Network. Proceedings of the 3rd e-VLBI Workshop, Makuhari, October 6-7, 2004. International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry, NICT Technology Development Center News No. 25, November 2004, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokio, Japan, p. 59 - 63
  9. V. Agapov, J. Dick, I. Guseva, P. Herridge, Z. Khutorovskiy, I. Molotov, M. Ploner, V. Rumyantsev, T. Schildkneht, V. Stepanyants, P. Sukhov , V. Titenko. Joint RAS/PIMS/AIUB GEO survey results. Submitted in proceedings of Fourth European Conference on Space Debris, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, 18-20 April, 2005, 6 pages.
  10. V. Agapov, V. Biryukov, R. Kiladze, I. Molotov, V. Rumyantsev, A. Sochilina, V. Titenko. Faint GEO objects search and orbital analysis. Submitted in proceedings of Fourth European Conference on Space Debris, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, 18-20 April, 2005, 7 pages.
1.5 Role and Impact of INTAS
Role of INTAS definitely yes rather yes rather not definitely not
Would the project have been started without funding by INTAS?   ***
Would the project have been carried out without funding from INTAS?   ***

Main achievement of the project very important quite important less important not important
exciting science ***  
new international contacts***   
additional prestige for my lab  *** 
additional funds for my lab***   
helping scientists in NIS***   
other (specify):

It is planned to try to continue the project works in the existing Project cooperation with involving the other partners. The optical observations of space debris are carried routinely; the next radar session for asteroid, space debris and Mercury is planned for July 2005. The program of optical telescopes modernization is in progress (the 9 modern CCD-matrixes will be purchased for grant of Russian Ministry of Education and Science and INTAS Ref. Nr 03-70-567). Main problem of continuation of activities is financial. Therefore it was prepared 5 pre-proposal for INTAS call of 2005. The negotiations are carried out with Roscosmos, ESOC and Space Environment Prediction Center of CAS. The continuation of financing the congealed INTAS-IA-2001-02, BEAR LAKES RT-64: VLBI site for Astronomy, Astrometry and Geodynamics will be big help to continue the VLBI radar experiments.
2. MANAGEMENT

The project was coordinates by project coordinator Prof. Zigurds Sika with assistance of scientific technical manager Mr. Igor Molotov (CR7). The project activity on asteroids and space debris was managed by joint group of CR2 and CR3 team with assistance the center on collection, processing and analysis of information on space debris of Russian Academy of Sciences. The VLBI radar experiments were arranged by LFVN scheduling group (CR6 and CR7) with assistance of Dr. Gino Tuccari (CR1)
2.1. Meetings and visits

  1. First project visit was in end of May. Igor Molotov (CR7) visited Riga for 3 days for negotiations with project coordinator Zigurds Sika and Ivar Shmeld (CO). The common plan of project works and works around Ventspils RT-32 were discussed.
  2. Ivar Shmeld (CO) visited Moscow in June 2002 for 5 days for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Victor Stepaniants (CR2) and Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5). It was discussed the work plan for first project year, the possibility for cooperation with optical observatories (the meetings with representatives of Samakhi and Zvenigorod observatories were arranged) including questions of refurbishing the excellent 1.2-m telescope in Baldone, Riga, Latvia.
  3. Igor Molotov (CR7) and Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) visited St. Pustyn near N. Novgorod, Russia in June for 3 days for meeting with Boris Lipatov (CR6) and Alexander Dementiev (CR6). The plans for the first project year, the status of correlation processing of VLBI radar experiments, the program of equipping of Bear Lakes RT-64, the preparation of the July radar session were discussed.
  4. Igor Molotov (CR7), Alexander Pushkarev (CR7) and Alexander Dementiev (CR6) visited Evpatoria in July 2002 for 7 days for meeting with Yuriy Tomilin (CR4) and Igor Falkovich (CR4). The arranging of radar observations and status of transmitter and RT-70, the program of equipping of RT-70, the refurbishing of 50-cm optical telescope were discussed.
  5. Alla Sochilina (CR3) visited Moscow in September for 1 day for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Vladimir Agapov (CR2), Victor Stepaniants (CR2) and representatives of observatories in Mondy and Zvenigorod to discuss the problem of establishing of single database of Russian Academy of Sciences.
  6. Zigurds Sika (CO) visited Puschino in October 2002 for 4 days for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5). The results of first half project year, the status of VLB radar experiments, the program of equipping of Bear Lakes RT-64 and Kalyazin RT-70 were discussed.
  7. Igor Molotov and Evgeny Molotov (CR7), and Vladimir Agapov (CR2) visited Houston, USA during four days for the participation in the World Space Congress, 34th COSPAR meeting and negotiations with ESA representative Prof. Walter Flury.
  8. Igor Molotov (CR7) visited N. Novgorod in December 2002 for 2 days for meeting with Boris Lipatov (CR6) and Alexander Dementiev (CR6) to discuss the problems appearing due to dismissal the part of the CR7 team from Astro Space Center, and the current status of correlation processing, and the plans of producing of apparatuses for Bear Lakes RT-64 and Ventspils RT-32.
  9. Ivar Shmeld (CO) visited Bear Lakes RT-64 in December 2002 for 2 days for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5), Ivan Kanaev (CR3) to discuss the obtained work progress, situation with CR7 and plans for next project half year.
  10. Alla Sochilina (CR3) visited Moscow in December 2002 for 1 day for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Vladimir Agapov (CR2) to discuss the problem of developing of optical telescope network for the project goals.
  11. Igor Molotov (CR7) and Alexander Konovalenko (CR4) visited Kiev in December 2002 for 2 days for meeting with representative of NPO "Saturn" to discuss the question of producing of L, S, X-band receivers for Evpatoria RT-70, Bear Lakes RT-64, Kalyazin RT-64 and Ventspils RT-32 and negotiations about joint optical observations with Goloseevo.
  12. Alla Sochilina (CR3) visited Moscow in May 2003 for 1 day for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Vladimir Agapov (CR2) and representative of observatories in Mondy and Zvenigorod to discuss the arranging of project optical observations and the problem of preparing of first project catalogue of GEO-objects.
  13. Ivar Shmeld (CO) visited Moscow in May 2003 for 4 days for the meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Vladimir Agapov (CR2), Yuriy Gorshenkov two personal computers (CR5) for discussion of obtained results and future plans and problems with equipping of Ventspils RT-32.
  14. Gino Tuccari (CR1) visited Bear Lakes in June 2003 for 3 days for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5), Boris Lipatov (CR6) and Alexander Dementiev (CR6) to discuss the questions of near-real time radar VLBI, to install VLBR-interface, to discuss the problem of correlation of near-field signals and results of VLBI radar experiments. After this Gino Tuccari and Igor Molotov visited St-Petersburg for 3 days for meeting with Victor Lvov (CR3), Alla Sochilina (CR3), Irina Guseva (CR3), Alexander Deviatkin (CR3), Elena Katkova (CR3) to discuss the common progress of works and appearing problems, and the question of investigations of asteroids.
  15. Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) visited St. Pustyn for 2 days in June 2003 for the meeting with Boris Lipatov (CR6) and Alexander Dementiev (CR6) to discuss the preparatory to July 2003 radar experiment, the obtained results of correlation and preparatory to trial near-real time VLB test.
  16. Igor Molotov (CR7), Boris Lipatov and Alexander Dementiev visited Bear Lakes site in middle of July 2003 for two-days meeting with Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) and Vladimir Agapov (CR2). Then Molotov, Lipatov and Dementiev visited Evpatoria during one week for meeting with Alexander Pushkarev (CR7), Alexander Tshukh (CR4), Yuriy Tomilin (CR4), and Igor Falkovich (CR4) for preparing and carrying out the next radar experiment and discuss obtained results. In these dates, Igor Molotov visited Simeiz for meeting with Alexander Volvach (head of RT-22, CRAO), Vasiliy Rumiantsev (head of 64-cm CCD telescope, CRAO), Gennadiy Boris (producer of optical telescopes, SAI) for negotiations about joint radar and optical observations and producing of 22-cm optical telescope for CR4.
  17. Alexander Pushkarev (CR7) visited Budapest, Hungary, in August 2003 during four days for the participation in the JENAM 2003 New Deal in European Astronomy: Trends and Perspectives in connection with 12-th European Meeting for Astronomy and Astrophysics (minisimposium: Radio Astronomy at 70: from Karl Jansky to microjansky), and the negotiations with representatives of the European VLBI Network.
  18. Igor Molotov (CR7), Zakhariy Khutorovskiy (CR2) and Vladimir Agapov (CR2) visited Pulkovo in September 2003 for three days for meeting with Victor Lvov (CR3), Alla Sochilina (CR3), Irina Guseva (CR3), Alexander Deviatkin (CR3), Alexander Didenko (CR4), Rolan Kiladze (CR3) and representatives of ESA (Walter Flury and Thomas Shildknecht). The obtained project results on radar and optical observations, and space debris databases were discussed, the negotiations about coordinated observations of small GEO fragments were carried out.
  19. Ivar Shmeld (CO) and Igor Falkovich (CR4) visited Moscow in October 2003 for 3 days for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Victor Stepaniants (CR2), Vladimir Agapov (CR2) and Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5). It was discussed the work plan for second project year.
  20. Alla Sochilina visited Moscow for 1 day in December 2003 for meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7) and Vladimir Agapov for discussion of results of optical campaigns, data exchange and preparing of space debris catalogues.
  21. Igor Molotov (CR7) visited N. Novgorod in March 2004 for 2 days for meeting with Alexander Dementiev (CR6), Alexander Antipenko (CR6), Maria Nechaeva (CR6), Nikolay Dugin (CR6) and director of Radio Physical Research Institute to discuss possibility of continuation of radar works without Boris Lipatov (head of CR6 was dead in February), to clear the status of correlation processing, prepare the equipping of Bear Lakes RT-64 with S/X receivers.
  22. Ivar Shmeld (CO), Igor Molotov (CR7), Alexander Dementiev (CR6), Alexander Antipenko (CR6), Maria Nechaeva (CR6), Nikolay Dugin (CR6), Alexander Pushkarev (CR7), Alexey Zinoviev (CR7), Alexander Volvach (CRAO), Vladimir Samodurov (CR7) visited Bear Lakes RT-64 site near Moscow in April 2004 for five days meeting with Yuriy Gorshenkov, planning future LFVN activities, learning of NRTV terminals and equipping of RT-64 with S/X receivers. In these dates, Igor Molotov (CR7), Maria Nechaeva (CR6), Nikolay Dugin (CR6) visited Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics for 1 day for meeting with Victor Stepaniants (CR2) and Andrey Tuchin (CR2) to discuss the results of correlation processing of radar observations, interpretation of obtained measurements and improving of processing procedure.
  23. Nikolay Dugin (CR6) visited Moscow in June 2004 for 1 day meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Vladimir Agapov (CR2), Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5), Oleg Bykov (CR3) to discuss the preparing the next radar experiment. In these dates, Igor Molotov (CR7) had negotiations with representatives of NIS optical observatories - Mondy (Siberia, Russia), Mayaki (Odessa, Ukraine), Kourovka (Ural, Russia), Ussuriysk (Far East, Russia), Maydanak (Uzbekistan), Lviv (Ukraine), Dushak (Turkmenistan), Zelenchuk (Caucasus), Koshka (Crimea, Ukraine).
  24. Maria Nechaeva (CR6) visited Pulkovo for three days in June 2004 for negotiations with Alla Sochilina (CR3) and Victor Lvov (CR3) for discussion of obtained results.
  25. Igor Molotov and Vladimir Jazykov (CR7), Alexander Dementiev, Alexander Antipenko and Nikolay Dugin (CR6) visited Bear Lakes site for three-days meeting with Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) in middle of June 2004 to test new equipment and discuss plan of works for next year.
  26. Vladimir Jazykov (CR7), Alexander Dementiev and Alexander Antipenko (CR6) visited Bear Lakes site for three-days meeting with Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) in middle of July 2004 to discuss the preparing the radar experiment and test the equipment.
  27. Igor Molotov (CR7), Alexander Dementiev, Maria Nechaeva and Nikolay Dugin (CR6) visited Evpatoria in middle of July 2004 during one week for meeting with Alexander Pushkarev (CR7), Alexander Tshukh and Igor Falkovich (CR4) for preparing and carrying out the next radar experiment and discuss obtained results. In these dates, Igor Molotov visited Simeiz for meeting with Alexander Volvach (head of RT-22, CRAO) for negotiations about joint radar and optical observations and producing of 22-cm optical telescope for CR4.
  28. Vladimir Jazykov (CR7), Alexander Dementiev, Alexander Antipenko and Nikolay Dugin (CR6) visited Bear Lakes site in September 2004 for two-days meeting with Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) in end of September to discuss the preparing the radar experiment and test the equipment.
  29. Alexander Dementiev and Nikolay Dugin (CR6) visited Evpatoria in October 2004 during one week for meeting with Alexander Pushkarev (CR7), Alexander Tshukh and Igor Falkovich (CR4) for preparing and carrying out the next radar experiment and discuss obtained results.
  30. Igor Molotov (CR7), Andrey Tuchin and Vladimir Shishov (CR2) visited Germany, Munich and Darmstadt for two-day meeting with representatives of ESOC (Rolf Muench, Trevor Morley, Manfred Warhaut, Javier De Vicente, Nicolas Bobrinsky et al) to discuss the possibility of involving the Evaptoria RT-70 and Bear Lakes RT-64 in work for control of European Deep Space Missions. As first step, it is planned VLBI experiment for Mars-Express in October 2005.
  31. Irina Guseva (CR3) visited Moscow in October 2004 for two-day meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7), Vladimir Agapov and Vladimir Titenko (CR2). The plans of works with optical station at Ussuriysk were discussed. And then Irina Guseva visited Ussuriysk for the 40-days staying in the Ussuriysk Astrophysical observatory for space debris observations and training the staff.
  32. Maria Nechaeva visited Toledo, Spain in October 2004 during four days for the participation in the European VLBI conference and negotiations with representatives of the European VLBI network.
  33. Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) visited N. Novgorod in beginning of December for two-days meeting with Maria Nechaeva and Alexander Dementiev (CR6), and Vladimir Samodurov (Puschno Radio Astronomy Observatory). The plans of VLBI works and development new equipment were discussed.
  34. Igor Molotov (CR7) and Nikolay Dugin (CR6) visited Beijing, China in December 2004 for one-day meeting with Mrs. Liu Jing from Space Environment Prediction Center of CAS to discuss the collaboration in field of space debris observations.
  35. Ivar Shmeld (CO) visited Moscow in middle of December 2004 for two-day meetings with Igor Molotov (CR7), Vladimir Agapov (CR2) and Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) to discuss the results and plans including the equipping the Ventspils RT-32.
  36. Gino Tuccari (CR1), Igor Molotov and Vladimir Jazykov (CR7), Alexander Dementiev, Maria Nechaeva, Nikolay Dugin, Alexander Antipenko (CR6), Vladimir Titenko (CR2) visited Pulkovo, St.-Petersburg in end of December 2004 for four-day meeting with Alla Sochilina, Irina Guseva, Alexander Deviatkin, Victor L'vov (CR3), and Mansur Ibragimov (Maidanak, Uzbekistan). It was discussed the obtained results and future plans of development of radar and optical project cooperation, the complex of experiments was carried out with NRTV-terminals. It was agreed to start the work on creation of new correlator, the agreement about collaboration with Maidanak was signed.
  37. Ivar Shmeld visited Moscow in March 2005 for one-day visit with Igor Molotov (CR7) and Vladimir Agapov (CR2) to discuss the results and plans.
  38. Nikolay Dugin (CR6) visited Bear Lakes in April for two-day meeting with Yuriy Gorshenkov (CR5) and Igor Molotov (CR7) to discuss the plans of works for 2005.
  39. Igor Molotov (CR7), Vladimir Agapov (CR2), Leonid Litvinenko (CR4) visited Germany, Darmstadt in April 2005 for three-day visit to have the negotiations with representatives of ESOC (Rudiguer Jenh, Heiner Klinkrad, Thomas Schildknecht) about possibility of collaboration in field of observing the small GEO-fragments.
  40. Irina Guseva (CR3) visited Moscow for one-day meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7) and Vladimir Agapov (CR2) to discuss the results of optical observations in Pulkovo, Ussuriysk and Maidanak, and the future expedition in Bolivia.
  41. Ivar Shmeld and Lina Osipova (CO) visited Moscow in May 2005 for three-days meeting with Igor Molotov (CR7) and Vladimir Kuprianov (CR3) to discuss preparing the final report, publication of results, plans for development the optical cooperation with Latvia, and the preparing the pre-proposal for INTAS Call 2005.

Visits Number of scientists Number of person days
West ==> East 4 42
East ==> West 8 42
West ==> West - -
East ==> East 18 221

2.2. Collaboration
Intensity of Collaboration high rather high rather low low
West <=> East ***      
West <=> West   ***    
East <=> East ***      

  1. Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Italy. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR4 for arranging of joint radar experiment with Medicino RT-32 and optical observations of NEAs from project starting date.
  2. Urumqi Astronomical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR7. This partner participates in project radar observations with RT-25 in Urumqi (CR1 produced NRTV-terminal for it) from project starting date.
  3. Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Ukraine. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR7. This partner participated in project optical observations of space debris and asteroids with 2.6-m (PulCOO purchased CCD-matrix for it), 1.25-m and 64-cm (PulCOO will purchase CCD-matrix for it) optical telescopes in Nauchny and participated with RT-22 in Simeiz (CR1 produced NRTV-terminal for it) in project VLBI radar experiment since 2003.
  4. Odessa astronomical observatory, Ukraine. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR7. This partner participates in project optical observations of space debris with 30-cm telescope (60-cm telescopes will be putted in operations nad with CCD-matrix purchased by PulCOO) in Mayaki since 2003.
  5. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR2. This partner participated in project optical observations of space debris with 48-cm and 60-cm optical telescopes in Mondy since 2003.
  6. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR2. This partner participated in project optical observations with 1-m optical telescope in Zimmerwald since 2005.
  7. Institute of Astronomy of Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR4. This partner participated in project optical observations of asteroids with 70-cm optical telescope in Chuguev (PulCOO purchases CCD-matrix for it) since 2004.
  8. Ussuriysk Astrophysical Observatory of Far East branch of Russian Academy of Science. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR7. This partner participated in project optical observations of space debris with 40-cm optical telescope since end of 2004.
  9. Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. This new partner was involved in collaboration by CR7. This partner participated in project optical observations of space debris and asteroids with 60-cm optical telescope in Maidanak since 2005.
2.3. Time Schedule

The time planning was in accordance with the Work Program generally. There were no any significant deviations from the Work Programme.
2.4. Problem encountered

1) The quantity of teams is enough high (8), therefore there were some problems in concentrating of joint activities in necessary aspects. I.e. during preparing of VLBI radar experiments when delay with contribution of one partner resulted the common problem with preparing of experiments (this appeared regularly during the preparing of he space debris part of experiments when common radar session was already started, but space debris schedule was not finished still). And during preparing of this report, when it was very hard to receive the reports of some teams. Also some teams too frequently forgotten to thank INTAS support in their publications, therefore indicated project references were provided by CR3 and CR7 mostly.

2) In the field of e-mail exchanging regular hard problems was appeared because of computer viruses. From one side, the struggle with viruses required too many time, with another side, it prevented to normal communications when virus block system blocked useful messages of partners also. Therefore project managers were forced to arrange few different e-mail boxes to receive all messages with guarantee.

3) The problem with transfer of goods was appeared during sending of NRTV-terminals from Noto, Italy (CR1) to Moscow, Russia (CR7) in April, 2004. The shipping company Federal Express informed sender that equipment in parcel not allowed for import in Russia and proposed to disintegrate the goods. The joint efforts of CR1 and CR7 allowed to solve the unclear situation. Also there is the problem with transferring the new CCD-matrixes from USA to Russia, the preparing of necessary customs paper is very complicated, therefore, CR7 and CR3 arranges the transferring with NIS persons as private baggage.

4) Some problem was caused by perturbation in four project teams.
CR6: Leading project scientist and leader of CR6 team, Boris Lipatov, was dead in January 2004. Boris work on too many fields of project researches and elaborations. And it was biggest lost for the project and NIS science in the whole. Dr. Nikolay Dugin was invited to be new team leader of CR6.
CR4: Mr. Yuriy Tomilin, team leader of CR4 finished his work in NCSC and leaved Evpatoria. Mr. Vladimir Nesteruk was invited to be new team leader of CR4.
CR7: Mr. Igor Molotov, team leader of CR7 and most part of teams (Dr. Alexander Pushkarev, Dr. Evgeniy Molotov, Dr. Edward Ayrapetian, Nikolay Sukorkin) finished their work in ASC. The keeping of CR7 is very important for fulfillment of project goals (i.e. Igor Molotov is scientific-technical project manager) and it was solved to form CR7 as team of Andromeda company ltd. where CR7 team members have job for partial basis. Also CR7 was added with new team members (Dr. Alexey Zinoviev, Ivan Puchinin, Vladimir Jazykov, Nikolay Sukorkin).
CR1: Host institute of the team, Istituto di Radioastronomia was transferred in end of 2004 from CNR (the Italian National Research Council http://www.cnr.it) to INAF Istituto Nazionale di Astro Fisica (National Institute for Astrophysics, http://www.inaf.it/index0.html). This resulted a first financial problem of the project - see below.

5) The project met some financial problems. First problem is linked with transference of CR1 host institute from CNR to INAF in end of 2004-beginning 2005. In results, the 2000 Euro of CR1 were received in CNR in the time when CR1 was already under INAF, and CR1 have not possibility to obtain this money and to spend its for project goals. CR1 team loaned part of the necessary money for work fulfillment in its host institute, but it is necessary to find a way to return the money in back. A possible solution to this problem could be found in these months as contacts have been undertaken. Whether at the end it will not be solved INTAS will be required to get money back. Second project financial problem is that INTAS not saw the transferences of parts of money between project teams that were made after INTAS approving and were mentioned in advance in the second periodic project reports:
  1. 2000 Euro of CO were transferred INTAS directly to CR6 for the producing the 6-cm radio receiver for Ventspils RT-32 in Latvia. In last Financial Overview received from INTAS in February 7, 2005, this money is erroneously indicated as money of CR6.
  2. 1000 Euro of CR4 must be transferred to CR1 for purchasing of two GPS-receivers for NRTV recording terminals of Evpatoria RT-70 and Simeiz RT-22. In accordance with INTAS Financial Overview this money are in CR4 still. In fact CR1 team purchased two GPS-receivers for their own money.
  3. 1000 Euro of CR1 were transferred to CR7 to arrange the visit of Dr. Gino Tuccari in St.-Petersburg for the project meeting (this request was due to above mentioned transferring CR1 from CNR to INAF). In INTAS Financial Overview this money is erroneously indicated as money of CR7.
And at last the fulfillment of project required some redistribution of the money between cost categories.

6) Last problem was caused by political complications between CR7 team and administration of their host institute, Astro Space Center. The problem appeared due to administration's attempt to use the 35% of the funding of another INTAS project 2001-IA-02 to support tasks not mentioned in the Project (team CR7 leader Igor Molotov is also coordinator of that Project). As a result, some part of CR7 including team leader, left the Centre and now is affiliated with the Bear Lakes Radio-astronomy Station as team of Andromeda company. In common this almost had not influence on project fulfillment.
Problems encountered major minor none not applicable
Co-operation of team Members   ***    
Transfer of funds   ***    
Telecommunication   ***    
Transfer of goods   ***    
Other   ***    
2.5. Action required

It is necessary for INTAS to request from CNR the returning in back of the 2000 Euro of CR1, so that in future this money would be again transferred to bank account number of their new host organization, in case a solution will not be found.

It is necessary for INTAS to take into consideration the three transferences of the money between teams (CO => CR6, 2000 Euro; CR4 => CR1, 1000 Euro; CR1 => CR7, 1000 Euro) that were earlier approved by INTAS, but not indicated in last Financial Overview); and to approve some redistribution of money between cost categories inside of project teams.

It is necessary to remember about congealed INTAS-IA-2001-02, BEAR LAKES RT-64: VLBI site for Astronomy, Astrometry and Geodynamics. Now it is the time to reconsider the question with this project. The expenditures for modernization and renovation of the 64-m radio telescope in Bear Lakes are too high for its owners and there is not any government financing for this goal. Therefore some chance exists that this RT-64 may be stopped, while the Bear Lakes is single large radio telescope in Russia that participated in VLBI observations. It is very reliable VLBI-point that always produces stable scientific output and its participation is important for success of the radar and other kind observations. The continuation INTAS-IA-2001-02 will allow to continue the VLBI radar observations of the Solar system bodies and will promote the cooperation of Bear Lakes RT-64 with European VLBI network and International VLBI Service (project work programme foresee the purchasing of Mk-5 recording terminal and producing of large band Base Band Converter). So, to make more easier the keeping Bear Lakes RT-64 in operation and hence its participating in the NIS VLBI and observations, to start the collaboration with international VLBI networks (EVN and IVS), it may be recommended the continuation of the financing of the INTAS infrastructure action INTAS-2001-IA-02 "Bear Lakes RT-64, VLBI site for Astronomy, Astrometry and Geodynamics".
3. FINANCES
3.1. This grant

The project met the financial problems. First problem is linked with transference of CR1 host institute from CNR to INAF in end of 2004-beginning 2005. In results, the 2000 Euro of CR1 were received in CNR in the time when CR1 was already under INAF, and CR1 have not possibility to obtain this money and to spend its for project goals. CR1 team loaned part of the necessary money for work fulfillment in its host institute, but it is necessary to find a way to return the money in back. Second project financial problem is that INTAS not saw the transferences of parts of money between project teams that were made after INTAS approving and were mentioned in advance in the second periodic project reports:
  1. 2000 Euro of CO were transferred INTAS directly to CR6 for the producing the 6-cm radio receiver for Ventspils RT-32 in Latvia. In last Financial Overview received from INTAS in February 7, 2005, this money is erroneously indicated as money of CR6.
  2. 1000 Euro of CR4 must be transferred to CR1 for purchasing of two GPS-receivers for NRTV recording terminals of Evpatoria RT-70 and Simeiz RT-22. In accordance with INTAS Financial Overview this money are in CR4 still. In fact CR1 team purchased two GPS-receivers for their own money.
  3. 1000 Euro of CR1 were transferred to CR7 to arrange the visit of Dr. Gino Tuccari in St.-Petersburg for the project meeting (this request was due to above mentioned transferring CR1 from CNR to INAF). In INTAS Financial Overview this money is erroneously indicated as money of CR7.
And at last the fulfillment of project required some redistribution of the money between cost categories.
# Name of Contractor Individual Grants Labour Costs Overheads Travel and Subsistence Consuables Equipment Other Costs (Euro)
1 IPE (CO) 2500 1500 2500 1000 7500 0 15000
2 IRA (CR1) 0 1000 1000 1000 7000 0 10000
3 KIAM (CR2) 17500 500 1000 500 500 0 20000
4 CAO (CR3) 17000 0 1000 1000 1000 0 20000
5 NCSC (CR4) 15500 0 0 1000 3500 0 20000
6 SRB (CR5) 11200 0 0 300 3500 0 15000
7 RRI (CR6) 15000 0 2500 500 2000 0 20000
8 ANDR (CR7) 16000 0 4000 0 0 0 20000
TOTAL (Euro) 94700 3000 12000 5300 25000 0 140000

CO spent 7500 Euro for producing the equipment (7000 Euro of Equipment cost category + 500 Euro of Travel and Subsistence cost category). CO purchased two personal computers for the use on project coordination goals, produced C-band feed-horn for Ventspils RT-32, produced the device for the secondary frequency transforming for the C-band radio astronomy receiver (it was produced by CR6), and purchased Local Oscillator for C-band receiver.

CR1 spent 1000 Euro of Travel and Subsistence for the trip to St.-Petersburg for the meeting in Pulkovo with CR3, CR6 and CR7 teams. 1000 Euro of Consumables cost categories was spent for purchasing the two boards of the GPS-receivers for upgrading the NRTV-terminals of Italian Noto RT-32 and Russian RT-64. These GPS-receivers removed the problem with time synchronization during the VLBI data transferring through Internet that was displayed during first test of NRTV-terminals. The 7000 Euros were spent for producing the equipment (4000 Euro of Equipment cost category + 2000 Euro of Travel and Subsistence cost category and 1000 Euro of Overheads category). Five NRTV-terminals were produced for installation in five radio telescopes participating in project VLBI radar experiments (Evpatoria RT-70, Bear Lakes RT-64, Noto RT-32, Simeiz RT-22 and Ventspils RT-32). The additional money was necessary to produce two additional NRTV-terminals (three terminals were planned for producing at first, but the tests shown its excellence and it was solved to equip with NRTV-terminals all project radio telescopes instead of the obsolete Mk-2 recording terminals). CR1 requests the exchange of 2000 Euro of Travel and Subsistence category, and 1000 Euro of Overheads cost category to category of Equipment.

CR2 spent 1000 Euro of Travel and Subsistence for partial support of the visit of two team members to Munich, Germany for the participation in the conference on Space Flight Dynamics and meeting with representatives of ESOC. The 1000 Euros of this cost category were exchanged to category of Individual grants by INTAS approval. This team requests the exchange of 1000 Euro of Travel and Subsistence category, and 500 Euro of Overheads cost category to category of Individual grants.

CR3 spent 1000 Euro of Travel and Subsistence for the 40-day expedition of team member to Ussuriysk for carrying out survey of Geostationary orbit and training the staff of Ussuriysk Astrophysical Observatory. The 1000 Euros of this cost category were exchanged to category of Individual grants by INTAS approval. The 1000 Euro of Equipment cost category were spent to purchase the personal computer for the new EPOS software adjusting (software package to maintain the database of asteroids and comets and provide ephemeris support for minor planet observations). The 1000 Euro of Consumables were spent for purchasing the printer and paper to print the EPOS user manual, mobile phone and other components to provide stable Internet connections to rooms where team members are working, and PC components and cards for the repairing the pointing system of ZA-320 telescope at Pulkovo. CR3 requests the exchange of 1000 Euro of Overheads cost category to category of Individual grants.

CR4 spent 3500 Euro of Equipment cost category for the producing the 22-cm optical telescope dedicated for the space debris observations. This is new generation of optical telescopes with large field of view and light power. It was used for the extensive survey of Geostationary objects in Nauchniy, Crimea and Pulkovo, St.-Petersburg in support of the project VLBI radar experiments. During the projects it provided few thousands measurements for GEO-objects up to 14.5 star magnitudes, and in future, it will be used as mobile telescope for space debris observations. Also, unexpected expenditures were purchasing the two boards of the GPS-receivers for upgrading the NRTV-terminals of two Ukrainian radio telescopes (Evpatoria RT-70 and Simeiz RT-22). These GPS-receivers removed the problem with time synchronization during the VLBI data transferring through Internet that was displayed during first test of NRTV-terminals. This purchasing was made under Consumables cost categories by CR1 in accordance INTAS approval for the cost category of Travel and Subsistence. CR4 requests the exchange the 1000 Euro of the cost category Overheads and 900 Euro of category of Travel and Subsistence to category of Individual grants.

CR5 spent 3500 Euro of Equipment cost category for the producing S/X-band radio astronomy receivers (it was partially supported also INTAS-IA-2001-02) for the Bear Lakes RT-64, for producing the new Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), Local Oscillator and device for the secondary frequency transforming for the C-band receiver (it was used during the project radar experiments), and the equipment for fast optical cable connection to Internet. 300 Euro of Consumables was spent for purchasing the liquid nitrogen that is used during the calibration of radio receivers before antenna measurements and VLBI radar observations. CR5 requests the exchange the 300 Euro of Travel and Subsistence category to Consumables cost category and the 1200 Euro of Travel and Subsistence category to category of Individual grants.

CR6 spent 2000 Euro of Equipment cost category to purchase two personal computers to upgrade the correlation data processing center NIRFI-3. All project VLBI radar experiments were correlated with NIRFI-3 processor; these PCs were used for adjusting and maintaining the dedicated software for delay calculations during correlation processing of the planet and space debris object VLBI radar observation. 2500 Euro of Travel and Subsistence were spent for the 11 trips of four team members from N.Novgorod to Evpatoria RT-70 or Bear Lakes RT-64 for carrying out the VLBI radar observations and one trip of four team members to St-Petersburg for the meeting with CR1, CR3 and CR7 in December 2004.

CR7 spent 4000 Euro of Travel and Subsistence cost category for the travels of Igor Molotov and Alexander Pushkarev. Alexander Pushkarev visited Budapest, Hungary, and Igor Molotov visited Houston, USA for the participation in the conferences. Igor Molotov three times visited Evpatoria and Alexander Pushkarev five times was staying in the Evpatoria and visited Bear Lakes one time in the time of carrying out the project VLBI radar experiments, Igor Molotov visited Riga for meeting with project coordinator, and tree times visited N. Novgorod for the meetings with CR5, one time visited Kiev for the meeting with CR4 and multiplied visited St.-Petrersburg for meetings with CR3.
3.2. Other funding

Some funding for the upgrade of Bear Lakes RT-64 wit S/X receivers was received also from INTAS-IA-2001-02.

Документ предоставил Игорь Молотов

Размещен 23 августа 2006.
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