Russian Academy of Sciences
Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo
SIXTH US/RUSSIAN
SPACE SURVEILLANCE WORKSHOP
August 22-26, 2005
Proceedings
Edited by P. Kenneth Seidelmann and Victor K. Abalakin
St. Petersburg, 2005 |
|
ON OBSERVATIONS OF SATELLITES AT THE HISSAR OBSERVATORY
М. I. Gulyamov
The Academy of Sciences Institute of Astrophysics, Republic of Tajikistan
Abstract. The present paper deals with positional observations made by use of the High-Precision Astronomical Camera (HPAC, Высокоточная астрономическая установка,
ВАУ) at the Hissar Astronomical Observatory in 1989-2000 which were used to compile
the catalogue of the precise positions of geostationary objects (GO). The mean square
errors do not exceed 1.5-2 arcsec. The longitude of the Observatory is 69 degrees to the
East, allowing to make observations of many uncontrollable GO, and to use these data to
test the theory of motion of the librating GO. Preliminary elements of their orbits are
determined and the catalogue of GO orbits is compiled based on the Hissar version of the
GO position catalogue. The catalogue contains elements of orbits of all identified active
and passive geostationary satellites.
The problem of construction of the theory of geostationary satellite motions is an urgent task. Positional photographic observations of these objects during a long time-span [1, 2, 3] may
represent the valuable material for its solution.
Many geostationary objects (GO) are accessible to optical observation instruments with
which the observatories participating in the joint program of the control of the cosmic space
in the geostationary region are equipped.
Since 1975 surveillance observations are regularly carried out by use of the High-
precision astronomical camera (HPAC) at the Hissar Astronomical Observatory (HissAO) of
the Institute of Astrophysics of the Tajikistan Academy of Sciences. These observations are
closely connected with applied works and represent valuable material for the decision of a
number of fundamental and applied tasks in the fields of Astronomy, Geodesy, Geophysics,
and Celestial Mechanics.
THE HIGH-PRECISION ASTRONOMICAL CAMERA
This camera is supplied with the “Astrodar” objective lens with an aperture of 500 mm, a
focal length of 700 mm, and an effective relative aperture of 1:1.8. The effective diameter of
the entry pupil is 390 mm, the basic mirror diameter is 1070 mm, and the camera field of view
is of 5 degrees by 30 degrees. The observations are made on a photographic film 70 mm wide,
which is stretched over the spherical focal surface of the curvature radius of 700 mm. The
images of the stars and space objects show no distortions on the entire frame, because of the
well-designed objective lens [4].
The telescope is automatically guided and operated from the main control panel. The
camera carries out the photographic observations of artificial satellites in a wide range of
angular speeds from 0 to 6000 arcsec per second, and has significant permeable force. Now it
is the largest follow-up satellite camera.
The camera is equipped with a leaf shutter, which operates automatically under control
of the device described in [5]. The device assigns a necessary sequence of shutter operations
and determines exact exposure times. The registration of shutter opening-closing time-
moments is controlled by a printing chronograph. The complete set of camera service
equipment contains the СЕВ (the Universal Time Service) hardware. Two quartz generators
are used at the observation station as the exact time keepers, and the «Волна - K» radio
receives the exact time signals. The system is capable of registering the observation time to an
accuracy of ± 0.0001 sec. The experience of the everyday work has shown that the camera is
especially convenient for observations of high-orbital satellites. The determined celestial
object coordinates are accurate to 1.5 arcsec.
The longitude of the HissAO is 69 degrees to the East, the Observatory being close to
the meridian passing through one of the libration points (75 degrees), which presents a certain
convenience in carrying out the GO position observations, and in searching for passive
objects moving near the libration point in the geostationary region. The geographical location
and the instrumentation used permit observing objects in geostationary orbits in East
longitudes ranging from 20 to 120 degrees, and practically all objects up to the stellar
magnitude of 14.5.
The geostationary region is repeatedly photographed during an observation night, which
allows determining exact positions of objects with respect to the reference stars, and the
mathematical treatment of observations of the objects related to various sections of their
orbits. The observations of GO objects are usually carried out in the best conditions of their
visibility, i.e. near their maximum phase.
The negatives are processed by use of the hardware-software complex “Astrolog”,
which allows obtaining the operative coordinate information from photographic observations
[6]. The measuring pad of the “Аscoremat” coordinate-measuring machine is connected by
means of an adapter to a РС. The measurement program is organized and adapted to read off
the information from the rulers of the measuring device, and to record it on the hard disk of
the РС. It also carries out the correctness check of the incoming information.
The programs for identification of reference stars on negatives, obtained by the High-
precision astronomical camera, and for their reduction are based on known algorithms [7]. For
identification of the negatives, an observation date (DATE), the time-moment (UT), and the
circle readouts of the camera only are needed. The compiled programs provide a complete
identification, if the correct initial information is introduced. The Position and Proper Motion
Star Catalogue (the PPM Catalogue) is used as a reference catalogue, allowing to obtain
precise observation results for the equinox epochs of 1950.0 and 2000.0. The SAO catalogue
used earlier by the negative processing has provided an accuracy of 0.85 arcsec. When
applying the PPM catalogue, the errors related to the weight unit have decreased by 0.3 arcsec
on average [8].
The hardware support routines are written in the Assembler, the other ones in the Turbo
Pascal.
68 surveillance observations of the geostationary region for the 1989 – 2000 period are
carried out by the High-precision astronomical camera. The surveillance results are given in
Table 1. The precise position catalogue is generated [9] as a result of the mathematical
treatment of all the surveillance observations. It contains 11,000 precise positions of 2,971
GOs. As an example, a fragment of the precise position catalogue is given in Table 2. In the
table are given as follows: the observation date, a number of geostationary objects, the
equatorial topocentric coordinates (α, δ) of a GO referred to the standard epoch of 1950.0
and the universal time (UT).
The satellite identifications at the observation station were carried out within the limits
of one surveillance session. During processing the identifications were performed visually on the negatives, accounting for the satellite movement, and also by use of the sorting software,
which enables watching on the РС screen the apparent movement of an GO during the
observation, and to eliminate gross blunders using the velocity diagram.
The accuracy estimation of the position observation results was performed using the
residual mean square deviations for the reduction formulas. The mean square deviations of the
precise positions in the catalogue, calculated for a majority of GOs, do not exceed ± 2 arcsec;
they equal ± 5 arcsec for only a rather small quantity.
On the basis of the obtained precise position catalogue, the preliminary version of the
Hissar GO catalogue is compiled, including the active geostationary satellites and the passive
ones which move in the libration mode. This catalogue is very important for the control of the
large number of the economic satellites, and can be used for the solution of problems
concerned with the ecology of the near-Earth cosmic space.
The elements of the preliminary orbits were computed by using the programs compiled
in the Laboratory of Celestial Mechanics and Stellar Dynamics at the Central (Pulkovo)
Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and kindly granted to us by
the scientific workers Drs. A. S. Sochilina and K. V. Grigoriev, within the framework of the
joint scientific and technical cooperation between our observatories.
The elements of the orbits were determined in the coordinate systems referred to the
geoequator and Laplace planes [10].
The identification of objects was performed on the basis of the lists of geostationary
objects (LOG) distributed in 1992-1995 by the European Space Operative Centre (ESOC)
[11]. The use of these lists has allowed identifying 91 satellites (55 active satellites and 36
passive ones) internationally designated (by the COSPAR designations).
As a basis for a GO identification the following elements of the calculated orbits [12]
were taken: i, the inclination of an orbit, Ω, the longitude of its ascending node and λ, the
longitude in the orbit:
λ = M + ω + Ω - S
where M is the mean anomaly, ω, the argument of the perigee, S, the Greenwich Sidereal Time.
Because of the small eccentricity the parameters e and ω are determined unreliably, and, therefore, these parameters were not used for the identifications.
As an example, fragments of the identification results from the Hissar catalogue of
orbits are given in tables; for the active geostationary satellites in Table 3 and for passive ones
in Table 4. The elements of the geostationary satellite orbits are given in the following order:
T(MJD), the modified Julian date; i, the orbit inclination; Ω, the longitude of the ascending
node of the orbit referred to the equator plane; iL, the orbit inclination; ΩL, the longitude of the of the orbit ascending node referred to the Laplace plane; λ, the longitude in the orbit.
The version of the Hissar catalogue of orbits is the result of an intensive program of
optical observations, which have been made by use of the High-precision astronomical
camera in 1989-2000, containing the preliminary orbits of all identified objects, and is the
basis of the list of GOs monitored at the HissAO in the geostationary area.
The catalogue allows detecting new satellites and those which were launched at earlier
times. It will be useful for those observation stations which overlap in the longitudes
observable with the HissAO, both for comparison of the observation results, and for
identification of individual space objects.
REFERENCES
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наблюдений искусственных спутников Земли для геодезии. София: Издательство Болгарской АН,
1979, 275 с.
- Рыхлова Л. В. Использование наблюдений ИСЗ для решения задач геоди-намики. Наблюдения ИСЗ,
М., 1974, № 13, с. 194-218.
- Сочилина А. С. Об использовании геостационарных спутников для определения параметров
геопотенциала. Наблюдения ИСЗ. Прага, Астросовет АН СССР, 1984, № 23, с. 211-231.
- Масевич А. Г., Лозинский А. М. Новые советские камеры для фотонаблюдений искусственных
небесных тел. Вестник АН СССР, 1970, № 2, с. 38-44.
- Бирюков А. Н. Прибор для автоматического управления затвором камеры ВАУ при
фотографировании геостационарных ИСЗ. Научные информации Астрономического совета АН
СССР, № 58, 1986, с. 81-86.
- Голод В., Денисов А., Матвеев Н. Н. Аппаратно-программный комплекс для измерений и обработки
координатной информации. Тезисы доклада в сборнике «Организация программ наблюдений
высокоорбитальных спутников Земли и небесных тел Солнечной системы». Санкт-Петербург, 1992 г.
- Матвеев Н. Н. Об автоматическом отождествлении опорных звезд на астронегативах. Научные
информации Астрономического Совета АН СССР, 1987, № 62.
- Матвеев Н. Н. О точности каталогов PPM и SAO. Астрономический циркуляр, 1992, № 1553.
- Гулямов М. И., Литвинов С. П., Масуми Ф. Н., Матвеев Н. Н., Мулло-Абдолов А. Ш., Наимов О.,
Юлчиев А. О. Результаты позиционных фотографических наблюдений геостационарных спутников
на камере ВАУ. Реферативный сборник непубликуемых работ, выпуск 01 2004 г., депонент НПИЦ
РТ № 30 (1651), 118 стр.
- Гаязов И. С., Сочилина А. С. 1986. О выборе координатной системы для исследования движения
высокоорбитальных спутников - Бюлл.ИТА, № 9(172), с.481-485.
- Janin G. LOG of objects near the geostationary ring. Issues Nos. 6 - 15, ESOC, 1992 - 1993.
- Григорьев К. В., Гулямов М. И., Сочилина А. С. О методах отождествления неуправляемых
геостационарных спутников. Наблюдения ИНТ, 1994, № 88, с. 57.
Table 1. THE SESSIONS OF SURVEILLANCE OF THE GEOSTATIONARY REGION IN 1989-2000
HissАО АS RТ
| № |
date of observation |
quantity of the satellites with number of observations |
all objects |
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
* |
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| 1 |
04.03.1989 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
| 2 |
05.04.1989 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
9 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
26 |
| 3 |
10.05.1989 |
0 |
2 |
21 |
5 |
9 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
40 |
| 4 |
11.05.1989 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
7 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
| 5 |
12.05.1989 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
| 6 |
26.06.1989 |
0 |
2 |
26 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
| 7 |
04.08.1989 |
0 |
1 |
35 |
11 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
52 |
| 8 |
27.09.1989 |
0 |
3 |
25 |
10 |
9 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
| 9 |
02.10.1989 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| 10 |
29.11.1989 |
0 |
3 |
50 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
61 |
| 11 |
20.02.1990 |
0 |
0 |
35 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
| 12 |
31.05.1990 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
21 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
45 |
| 13 |
27.06.1990 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
36 |
| 14 |
24.07.1990 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
23 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
35 |
| 15 |
20.08.1990 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
20 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
41 |
| 16 |
25.10.1990 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
36 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
61 |
| 17 |
14.01.1991 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
| 18 |
15.02.1991 |
0 |
2 |
49 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
62 |
| 19 |
16.05.1991 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
29 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
44 |
| 20 |
12.08.1991 |
0 |
0 |
23 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
29 |
| 21 |
03.09.1991 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| 22 |
05.09.1991 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
| 23 |
03.10.1991 |
0 |
8 |
52 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
68 |
| 24 |
07.12.1991 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
10 |
| 25 |
07.02.1992 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
48 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
76 |
| 26 |
05.03.1992 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
| 27 |
03.07.1992 |
0 |
2 |
8 |
15 |
12 |
4 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
44 |
| 28 |
04.07.1992 |
0 |
1 |
11 |
11 |
7 |
7 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
| 29 |
05.07.1992 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
38 |
| 30 |
03.08.1992 |
0 |
2 |
57 |
6 |
12 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
79 |
| 31 |
20.10.1992 |
0 |
1 |
20 |
15 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
38 |
| 32 |
22.10.1992 |
0 |
2 |
54 |
29 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
92 |
| 33 |
23.10.1992 |
0 |
1 |
25 |
11 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
| 34 |
26.10.1992 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
49 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
74 |
| 35 |
27.10.1992 |
0 |
3 |
29 |
32 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
69 |
| 36 |
31.10.1992 |
0 |
1 |
64 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
75 |
| 37 |
23.11.1992 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
| 38 |
20.02.1993 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
| 39 |
21.06.1993 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
9 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
| 40 |
22.08.1993 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
14 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
| 41 |
19.11.1993 |
0 |
2 |
48 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
| 42 |
15.01.1994 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
29 |
50 |
6 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
116 |
| 43 |
18.03.1994 |
0 |
6 |
23 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
38 |
| 44 |
15.06.1994 |
0 |
1 |
59 |
15 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
| 45 |
08.10.1994 |
0 |
4 |
43 |
16 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
| 46 |
29.01.1995 |
0 |
2 |
26 |
42 |
8 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
84 |
| 47 |
30.01.1995 |
0 |
0 |
62 |
13 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
81 |
| 48 |
30.03.1995 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
| 49 |
06.05.1995 |
0 |
1 |
11 |
21 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
33 |
| 50 |
30.05.1995 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
| 51 |
04.06.1995 |
0 |
2 |
25 |
57 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
87 |
| 52 |
30.07.1995 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
55 |
8 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
68 |
| 53 |
18.10.1995 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
| 54 |
19.10.1995 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
14 |
30 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
49 |
| 55 |
25.05.1996 |
0 |
1 |
15 |
30 |
14 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
64 |
| 56 |
21.06.1996 |
0 |
1 |
10 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
| 57 |
20.07.1996 |
0 |
1 |
25 |
23 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
57 |
| 58 |
15.06.1998 |
0 |
1 |
13 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
| 59 |
29.06.1998 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
| 60 |
24.07.1998 |
0 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
| 61 |
26.07.1998 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
34 |
11 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
61 |
| 62 |
21.08.1998 |
0 |
1 |
19 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
| 63 |
17.10.1998 |
0 |
0 |
27 |
2 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
35 |
| 64 |
18.06.1999 |
0 |
0 |
34 |
59 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
94 |
| 65 |
15.07.1999 |
0 |
3 |
48 |
36 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
| 66 |
16.07.1999 |
0 |
5 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
| 67 |
15.08.1999 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
68 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
| 68 |
05.06.2000 |
0 |
1 |
42 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
46 |
| quantity of the
satellites | 0 | 72 | 1417 | 1066 | 275 | 81 | 36 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 2971 |
| quantity of the
precise
positions | 0 | 144 | 4251 | 4264 | 1375 | 486 | 252 | 96 | 54 | 78 | 11 000 |
The note:
The figures in the last column of table 1 mean:
72 Geostationary Objects (GO) have up to 2 precise positions (p.p.), 1417 GO - 3 p.p., 1066
GO - 4 p.p.,
275 GO - 5 p.p., 81 GO - 6 p.p., 36 GO - 7 p.p., 12 GO - 8 p.p., 6 GO - 9 p.p.
6 GO -10 and more p.p.
2971 - total quantity of the geostationary objects
11 000 - total quantity of the precise positions
Table 2. CATALOGUE OF THE EQUATORIAL TOPOCENTRIC COORDINATES OF
GEOSTATIONARY OBJECTS
HissАО АS RТ
| date № GO |
UT |
α1950 |
δ1950 |
date № GO |
UT |
α1950 |
δ1950 |
| 14.03.1989 |
h m s |
h m s |
° ' '' |
|
h m s |
h m s |
° ' '' |
| 1 |
16 21 12.85 |
12 04 25.76 |
-3 48 50.36 |
12 |
16 08 13.07 |
9 30 22.95 |
-5 56 48.71 |
|
18 54 13.00 |
14 37 51.22 |
-4 14 10.86 |
|
17 16 57.94 |
10 39 20.59 |
-5 58 34.11 |
|
20 11 03.06 |
15 54 52.51 |
-4 42 13.53 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
13 06 12.54 |
-6 01 56.50 |
| 2 |
16 08 13.07 |
10 48 33.69 |
-5 36 06.51 |
|
21 03 08.01 |
14 26 21.46 |
-6 03 11.95 |
|
17 16 57.94 |
11 57 28.69 |
-5 35 18.84 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
15 18 43.77 |
-6 03 41.36 |
|
21 03 08.01 |
15 44 12.54 |
-5 41 05.00 |
13 |
16 08 13.07 |
9 22 57.92 |
-5 50 58.53 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
16 36 30.62 |
-5 43 51.52 |
|
17 16 57.94 |
10 31 50.22 |
-5 49 01.09 |
| 3 |
16 08 13.07 |
10 38 20.41 |
-6 03 43.95 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
12 58 26.22 |
-5 47 54.53 |
|
16 21 12.85 |
10 51 22.04 |
-6 03 47.20 |
|
22 26 37.00 |
15 42 05.29 |
-5 51 39.65 |
|
17 16 57.94 |
11 47 15.37 |
-6 03 19.13 |
14 |
16 08 13.07 |
9 14 41.32 |
-6 43 43.48 |
|
18 54 13.00 |
13 24 44.72 |
-6 00 49.77 |
|
17 16 57.94 |
10 23 25.01 |
-5 38 17.30 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
14 13 56.61 |
-5 58 56.46 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
12 49 54.36 |
-3 31 51.94 |
|
20 11 03.06 |
14 41 46.08 |
-5 57 29.13 |
|
21 05 42.96 |
14 12 35.96 |
-2 43 47.08 |
|
21 03 08.01 |
15 33 58.88 |
-5 54 48.41 |
|
21 08 42.92 |
14 15 36.81 |
-2 42 28.46 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
16 26 16.83 |
-5 51 53.25 |
15 |
16 08 13.07 |
9 07 46.46 |
-5 10 06.05 |
| 4 |
16 08 13.07 |
10 35 24.00 |
-5 41 43.31 |
|
17 16 57.94 |
10 16 40.27 |
-5 00 57.44 |
|
16 21 12.85 |
10 48 25.19 |
-5 41 23.56 |
|
21 03 08.01 |
14 03 18.50 |
-5 09 19.32 |
|
17 16 57.94 |
11 44 16.30 |
-5 40 15.18 |
|
21 13 03.00 |
14 13 14.61 |
-5 10 58.65 |
|
18 54 13.00 |
13 21 41.95 |
-5 39 49.58 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
14 55 34.72 |
-5 19 06.61 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
14 10 52.09 |
-5 40 27.58 |
|
22 26 37.00 |
15 26 58.59 |
-5 26 00.36 |
|
20 11 03.06 |
14 38 40.87 |
-5 40 55.34 |
16 |
21 08 42.92 |
13 41 10.22 |
-1 48 13.33 |
|
21 03 08.01 |
15 30 52.31 |
-5 42 16.83 |
|
22 10 02.87 |
14 43 21.60 |
-2 50 20.73 |
| 5 |
16 08 13.07 |
10 27 03.33 |
-5 40 56.90 |
|
22 26 37.00 |
15 00 08.16 |
-3 09 51.88 |
|
18 54 13.00 |
13 13 26.74 |
-5 40 23.43 |
17 |
21 08 42.92 |
13 23 30.98 |
-3 07 22.77 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
14 02 38.46 |
-5 41 26.69 |
|
21 13 03.00 |
13 27 51.86 |
-3 09 14.88 |
|
20 11 03.06 |
14 30 27.33 |
-5 42 12.58 |
|
22 10 02.87 |
14 25 00.36 |
-3 40 17.78 |
|
21 03 08.01 |
15 22 39.67 |
-5 44 03.93 |
|
22 26 37.00 |
14 41 37.36 |
-3 51 07.16 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
16 14 56.70 |
-5 46 21.71 |
18 |
21 08 42.92 |
13 22 13.64 |
-2 33 14.79 |
| 6 |
16 08 13.07 |
10 22 46.43 |
-6 58 51.26 |
|
22 10 02.87 |
14 23 47.24 |
-3 14 19.07 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
14 01 14.53 |
-6 54 27.91 |
|
22 26 37.00 |
14 40 25.11 |
-3 27 37.68 |
|
21 03 08.01 |
15 22 29.80 |
-6 38 23.36 |
19 |
21 23 33.00 |
13 03 35.30 |
-0 01 33.40 |
| 7 |
19 47 02.92 |
14 01 16.91 |
-2 37 54.00 |
|
22 10 02.87 |
13 50 16.65 |
-0 58 08.60 |
|
21 05 42.96 |
15 19 57.20 |
-3 37 05.20 |
|
22 43 22.84 |
14 23 40.31 |
-1 45 45.37 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
16 09 28.53 |
-4 22 59.13 |
20 |
18 06 02.94 |
9 41 22.77 |
-2 15 09.57 |
| 8 |
16 08 13.07 |
10 04 18.26 |
-5 14 55.51 |
|
21 23 33.00 |
12 59 47.45 |
-1 17 58.18 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
13 39 52.71 |
-5 11 58.51 |
|
22 43 22.84 |
14 19 59.77 |
-1 54 47.83 |
|
21 03 08.01 |
14 59 54.43 |
-5 20 41.27 |
21 |
21 13 03.00 |
12 42 04.95 |
-4 15 24.95 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
15 52 12.12 |
-5 28 47.28 |
|
22 26 37.00 |
13 55 51.67 |
-4 10 34.12 |
| 9 |
19 43 16.95 |
13 38 22.40 |
-3 12 19.54 |
|
22 38 02.96 |
14 07 18.78 |
-4 10 52.02 |
|
21 52 22.86 |
15 46 49.21 |
-7 37 04.12 |
22 |
21 13 03.00 |
12 38 18.52 |
-3 57 10.90 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
15 49 43.42 |
-7 43 04.84 |
|
22 26 37.00 |
13 52 03.72 |
-4 17 45.75 |
| 10 |
16 08 13.07 |
9 46 07.22 |
-6 54 45.37 |
|
22 38 02.96 |
14 03 30.41 |
-4 22 01.80 |
|
17 16 57.94 |
10 55 02.62 |
-7 02 35.80 |
23 |
18 06 02.94 |
9 26 57.02 |
-1 38 09.51 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
13 21 44.45 |
-6 59 22.07 |
|
22 10 02.87 |
13 32 13.15 |
-1 58 36.43 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
15 34 01.85 |
-6 34 57.28 |
|
22 43 22.84 |
14 05 38.98 |
-2 25 37.04 |
| 11 |
16 08 13.07 |
9 44 41.03 |
-4 49 23.49 |
24 |
21 18 32.95 |
11 30 10.50 |
-7 18 22.80 |
|
19 43 16.95 |
13 20 07.27 |
-4 44 31.61 |
|
22 32 42.83 |
12 44 33.40 |
-7 19 08.05 |
|
21 55 17.77 |
15 32 19.14 |
-5 12 59.48 |
|
22 38 02.96 |
12 49 54.39 |
-7 18 55.31 |
|
| date № GO |
UT |
α1950 |
δ1950 |
date № GO |
UT |
α1950 |
δ1950 |
|
h m s |
h m s |
° ' '' |
|
h m s |
h m s |
° ' '' |
| 25 |
15 33 02.81 |
3 16 16.05 |
-5 54 36.91 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
17 11 35.72 |
-6 08 33.77 |
|
17 50 13.02 |
5 32 54.47 |
-5 47 40.68 |
|
23 10 39.46 |
17 30 46.12 |
-6 09 31.67 |
| 5.04.1989 |
20 01 22.98 |
7 43 33.57 |
-5 40 20.04 |
|
23 12 20.46 |
17 32 27.49 |
-6 09 37.20 |
| 26 |
19 22 38.47 |
15 10 02.81 |
-6 36 51.83 |
36 |
19 48 08.47 |
14 06 06.09 |
-6 45 25.30 |
|
19 48 08.47 |
15 35 35.78 |
-6 31 04.82 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
15 06 50.69 |
-6 39 29.13 |
|
20 23 58.47 |
16 11 29.95 |
-6 22 15.06 |
|
21 43 48.46 |
16 02 10.16 |
-6 31 49.49 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
16 36 14.69 |
-6 15 44.61 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
16 03 50.44 |
-6 31 35.42 |
|
21 35 58.47 |
17 23 38.14 |
-6 02 46.31 |
|
22 01 19.47 |
16 19 44.88 |
-6 29 02.27 |
|
22 01 19.47 |
17 49 02.11 |
-5 55 40.64 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
17 10 07.08 |
-6 20 10.68 |
| 27 |
19 22 38.47 |
15 08 23.41 |
-5 04 10.46 |
|
23 10 39.46 |
17 29 18.95 |
-6 16 34.55 |
|
19 48 08.47 |
15 33 56.98 |
-5 11 35.31 |
|
23 12 20.46 |
17 31 00.27 |
-6 16 14.05 |
|
20 23 58.47 |
16 09 51.94 |
-5 22 48.79 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
17 41 43.46 |
-6 14 11.41 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
16 34 37.29 |
-5 31 03.46 |
37 |
19 46 30.47 |
14 03 49.48 |
-0 50 23.78 |
|
21 35 58.47 |
17 22 01.79 |
-5 47 36.96 |
|
20 47 00.47 |
15 04 32.41 |
-1 59 38.86 |
|
22 01 19.47 |
17 47 26.36 |
-5 56 39.99 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
16 03 02.95 |
-3 22 37.87 |
| 28 |
19 22 38.47 |
15 07 58.84 |
-6 08 56.57 |
|
22 01 19.47 |
16 18 53.36 |
-3 46 58.73 |
|
19 48 08.47 |
15 33 30.78 |
-6 07 53.65 |
38 |
21 43 48.46 |
15 42 17.02 |
-3 59 12.10 |
|
20 23 58.47 |
16 09 23.95 |
-6 06 09.90 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
15 43 56.61 |
-4 02 25.01 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
16 34 08.12 |
-6 04 47.74 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
17 21 08.94 |
-7 07 13.65 |
|
21 35 58.47 |
17 21 31.16 |
-6 01 59.87 |
39 |
21 43 48.46 |
15 37 05.10 |
-5 55 00.08 |
|
22 01 19.47 |
17 46 55.26 |
-6 00 21.06 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
15 38 45.35 |
-5 55 04.43 |
| 29 |
19 22 38.47 |
15 05 07.65 |
-5 30 39.51 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
16 44 58.53 |
-5 57 58.08 |
|
20 23 58.47 |
16 06 37.25 |
-5 39 39.93 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
17 16 33.63 |
-5 59 30.79 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
16 31 23.15 |
-5 43 41.02 |
40 |
21 43 48.46 |
15 32 00.42 |
-5 01 44.80 |
|
21 35 58.47 |
17 18 48.91 |
-5 51 47.56 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
15 33 40.63 |
-5 02 35.76 |
| 30 |
19 22 38.47 |
14 51 46.17 |
-6 00 31.01 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
16 39 53.19 |
-5 38 38.02 |
|
19 48 08.47 |
15 17 21.88 |
-6 00 59.02 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
17 11 27.80 |
-5 56 46.75 |
|
20 23 58.47 |
15 53 19.89 |
-6 01 35.21 |
41 |
21 45 28.47 |
15 31 43.89 |
-4 32 46.04 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
16 18 07.14 |
-6 01 55.83 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
16 38 13.54 |
-5 29 00.69 |
|
21 35 58.47 |
17 05 34.89 |
-6 02 33.76 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
17 09 56.86 |
-5 57 02.30 |
|
23 12 20.46 |
18 42 15.14 |
-6 03 12.29 |
42 |
21 43 48.46 |
15 17 14.81 |
-4 09 57.84 |
| 31 |
19 48 08.47 |
15 08 48.68 |
-5 47 54.34 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
15 18 54.99 |
-4 11 21.57 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
16 09 28.31 |
-5 50 54.54 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
16 25 00.52 |
-5 12 42.99 |
|
22 01 19.47 |
17 22 17.41 |
-5 55 08.72 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
16 56 31.20 |
-5 43 36.96 |
|
23 10 39.46 |
18 31 48.44 |
-5 59 40.39 |
43 |
21 45 28.47 |
15 18 22.52 |
-4 54 15.86 |
|
23 12 20.46 |
18 33 29.74 |
-5 59 45.78 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
16 24 34.19 |
-5 30 59.35 |
| 32 |
19 46 30.47 |
15 00 04.11 |
-2 24 08.03 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
16 56 08.47 |
-5 49 47.29 |
|
20 47 00.47 |
16 00 51.65 |
-2 17 34.48 |
44 |
21 43 48.46 |
15 16 08.27 |
-4 16 46.70 |
|
21 59 25.47 |
17 13 37.54 |
-2 30 09.47 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
15 17 48.74 |
-4 17 06.08 |
|
22 57 29.46 |
18 11 56.70 |
-2 55 26.95 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
16 24 04.57 |
-4 34 49.50 |
| 33 |
19 48 08.47 |
14 32 13.75 |
-4 37 40.47 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
16 55 40.12 |
-4 45 59.72 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
15 32 53.66 |
-4 43 23.46 |
45 |
21 43 48.46 |
15 01 00.47 |
-5 56 43.42 |
|
22 01 19.47 |
16 45 42.58 |
-4 57 22.87 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
16 08 50.75 |
-5 58 13.43 |
| 34 |
19 46 30.47 |
14 17 31.00 |
-3 07 03.96 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
16 40 24.67 |
-5 59 06.18 |
|
19 48 08.47 |
14 19 09.41 |
-3 08 15.09 |
46 |
21 43 48.46 |
14 46 53.84 |
-5 55 56.82 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
15 19 51.36 |
-4 00 39.42 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
14 48 33.93 |
-5 55 59.27 |
| 35 |
19 48 08.47 |
14 07 55.21 |
-5 58 24.54 |
|
22 51 31.46 |
15 54 44.25 |
-5 57 23.74 |
|
20 48 40.47 |
15 08 31.94 |
-6 01 46.84 |
|
23 23 01.53 |
16 26 17.85 |
-5 58 16.38 |
|
21 43 48.46 |
16 03 44.98 |
-6 04 55.70 |
47 |
19 03 11.46 |
11 52 52.29 |
-5 57 30.47 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
16 05 25.19 |
-6 05 01.93 |
|
21 43 48.46 |
14 33 50.03 |
-5 55 25.42 |
|
22 01 19.47 |
16 21 17.93 |
-6 05 53.82 |
|
21 45 28.47 |
14 35 30.19 |
-5 55 24.41 |
Table 3. The result of identification of an active geostationary satellite
| Number | International number | Name | Country | Type |
| 34 | 1983 105A | “Intelsat 5 f-7” | USA-IT | Active |
| T(MJD) |
i |
iL |
Ω |
ΩL |
λ |
| 47622d.952448 |
0°.084 |
7°.302 |
251°.171 |
180°.629 |
66°.007 |
| 47658.769635 |
0.118 |
7.277 |
268.906 |
180.935 |
66.075 |
| 47659.853871 |
0.116 |
7.277 |
269.124 |
180.915 |
66.050 |
| 47704.807922 |
0.026 |
7.254 |
41.156 |
179.864 |
65.993 |
| 47743.839172 |
0.023 |
7.276 |
95.051 |
179.816 |
65.921 |
| 47797.706325 |
0.024 |
7.298 |
179.540 |
179.998 |
65.979 |
| 47860.836673 |
0.080 |
7.262 |
279.143 |
180.625 |
65.973 |
| 47943.838571 |
0.023 |
7.287 |
236.955 |
180.154 |
66.033 |
| 48043.860353 |
0.044 |
7.263 |
284.336 |
180.335 |
65.962 |
| 48070.859427 |
0.049 |
7.251 |
61.656 |
179.661 |
65.976 |
| 48097.838224 |
0.088 |
7.260 |
80.464 |
179.316 |
65.977 |
| 48124.827668 |
0.154 |
7.273 |
88.935 |
178.784 |
66.025 |
| 48393.756001 |
0.786 |
7.163 |
78.834 |
173.800 |
56.940 |
| 48481.773941 |
1.036 |
7.159 |
79.571 |
171.793 |
56.876 |
| 48533.866534 |
1.136 |
7.153 |
79.421 |
170.997 |
56.874 |
| 48660.810284 |
1.469 |
7.100 |
77.443 |
168.319 |
56.914 |
| 48807.847205 |
1.820 |
7.020 |
74.826 |
165.472 |
56.943 |
| 48808.846059 |
1.822 |
7.021 |
74.851 |
165.456 |
56.955 |
| 48809.848224 |
1.824 |
7.020 |
74.839 |
165.445 |
56.969 |
| 49039.846534 |
1.893 |
7.027 |
75.056 |
164.877 |
56.881 |
| 50010.861684 |
2.040 |
7.002 |
74.299 |
163.670 |
56.824 |
| 50219.889867 |
2.048 |
6.990 |
73.975 |
163.607 |
56.845 |
| 50606.891906 |
2.051 |
6.988 |
73.911 |
163.580 |
56.856 |
| 51105.891904 |
2.066 |
6.985 |
73.844 |
163.458 |
56.828 |
| 51375.805678 |
2.767 |
6.894 |
71.147 |
157.631 |
56.757 |
| 51701.845307 |
2.946 |
6.829 |
69.627 |
156.096 |
56.783 |
Table 4. The result of identification of a passive geostationary satellite
| Number | International number | Name | Country | Type |
| 17 | 1983 100A | “Statsionar-Ekran”- 11 | USSR | Libr |
| T(MJD) |
i |
iL |
Ω |
ΩL |
λ |
| 47704d.752832 |
4°.910 |
7°.546 |
73°.779 |
141°.256 |
86°.044 |
| 47860.805607 |
5.016 |
7.575 |
73.624 |
140.476 |
77.843 |
| 48043.742436 |
5.120 |
7.566 |
73.017 |
139.588 |
66.131 |
| 48097.836673 |
5.290 |
7.527 |
71.739 |
138.050 |
54.698 |
| 48190.860353 |
5.752 |
7.524 |
69.557 |
134.179 |
52.531 |
| 48660.857691 |
5.841 |
7.544 |
69.365 |
133.504 |
56.431 |
| 48916.811511 |
5.901 |
7.551 |
69.151 |
133.017 |
61.175 |
| 49160.739775 |
6.091 |
7.514 |
67.868 |
131.266 |
80.859 |
| 49519.769636 |
6.909 |
7.485 |
63.781 |
124.069 |
78.809 |
| 50009.808548 |
7.224 |
7.474 |
62.202 |
121.227 |
53.918 |
| 50256.849312 |
7.638 |
7.447 |
60.002 |
117.365 |
52.392 |
| 50606.822182 |
7.784 |
7.403 |
58.917 |
115.803 |
65.730 |
| 51046.780747 |
7.802 |
7.412 |
58.917 |
115.689 |
66.124 |
| 51375.825237 |
7.812 |
7.397 |
58.731 |
115.516 |
68.031 |
Размещен 20 декабря 2006.
|
